Poor sanitation, including the lack of clean functioning toilets, is a major factor contributing to morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases in the developing world. We examine correlates of latrine ownership in rural India with a focus on social network predictors. Participants from 75 villages provided the names of their social contacts as well as their own relevant demographic and ho...

Processing of minerals and production of metals has increased greatly in recent years. As a result, the quantities of waste material and pollutants have also increased. In many cases technology has changed to cope with the problem. Processes have been either modified to decrease emissions, or replaced by others that are less polluting even if at a higher cost. This paper briefly reviews example...

BACKGROUND Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a harmful traditional practice that affects two out of three girls in The Gambia, seriously threatening their life and well-being with severe health consequences. By tracking the reference values established in former research conducted between 2009 and 2011, the objectives of this study are to explore trends and to measure and assess chan...

Adaptive changes in oxygenation and hemodynamics are evaluated during pediatric laparoscopy. The children underwent laparoscopy (LAP Group, n=20) or open surgery (Open Group, n=10). Regional cerebral (rScO2) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR), diastolic (DP) and systolic pressure (SP) were monitored at different intervals: basal (T0); anesthesia induction (T1); CO2PP insuf...

This paper establishes Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov type equations for time-changed Gaussian processes. Examples include those equations for a time-changed fractional Brownian motion with time-dependent Hurst parameter and for a time-changed Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. The timechange process considered is the inverse of either a stable subordinator or a mixture of independent stable subordinators.

BACKGROUND Exclusive breastfeeding up to six months is considered to be beneficial for the health and wellbeing of infants and mothers. To guide policy makers in the development of targeted breastfeeding promotion strategies, changes in the effect of predictor variables on exclusive breastfeeding practices in India were examined. METHODS Data from two rounds of the National Family Health Surv...

This article reports on issues arising from the external evaluation of a teacher development project – the Active Learning in Primary Science (ALPS) project – undertaken in eight Bristol (UK) primary schools during 2007. The ALPS project aimed to raise pupil attainment in science by developing participating teachers’ skills, knowledge and enthusiasm through a programme of centre-based CPD, clas...

This paper presents fat mass centile charts for Brazilian youth and investigates the roles of socioeconomic status and physical fitness (PF) on fat mass (FM) development. Two northeast Brazilian samples were used: a cross-sectional sample of 3659 (1921 girls) aged 8 to 16 years and a mixed-longitudinal series of cohorts (8-10, 10-12, 12-14, 14-16 years) with 250 boys and 250 girls. A measure of...