based on the evaluation of two human cell lines, hela and chang, abeuploidy and several marker chromosomes were found in both cells. the morphological characteristic of marker chromosomes of chang cells was distinctly different from hela. certain submetacentric marker chromosome was frequently present among 80% of marker chromosomes of chang cells which distinguished this line from hela, which ...

The objective of this study was to explore the experimental conditions for hepatocellular steatosis models of Chang liver cells induced by oleic acid (OA). For that, Chang liver cells were induced by different concentrations of OA for different periods. The MTT assay was used to detect hepatic cell activity, the Oil Red O staining was used to observe intracellular lipid droplets accumulation, a...

Endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have been shown to communicate with each other via cytokine signaling during neovascularization. In this study, we investigated the effect of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a cytokine released from tumors and ECs, on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in human VSMCs and underlying signal transduction path...

Galactic winds play a key role in regulating the evolution of galaxies over cosmic time. In recent years, rays (CR) formation galactic wind has increasingly gained attention. Therefore, we use radio continuum data to analyse ray transport edge-on galaxies. Data from LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) release 2 at 144 MHz (HBA) and reprocessed VLA 1.6 GHz (L-band) Continuum Halos Nearby Galaxies...

The aim of this paper is to prove a convergence theorem of a generalized Ishikawa iteration sequence for two multivalued strongly pseudo-contractive mappings by using an approximation method in real uniformly smooth Banach spaces. We generalize and extend the results of Chang and Chang, Cho, Lee, Jung, and Kang.

Service composition enables customizable services to be provided to the service consumers. Since the capabilities and the performances of mobile devices (e.g., smart phone, PDA, handheld media player) have improved, a mobile device can be utilized to interact with external mobile service providers towards providing composite Web service to remote clients. Existing approaches on mobile-hosted se...

Three-party authenticated key exchange protocol is an important cryptographic technique in the secure communication areas. Recently Chang and Chang proposed a novel three party simple key exchange protocol and claimed the protocol is secure, efficient and practical. Unless their claim, a key recovery attack is proposed on the above protocol by recovering the ephemeral keys. One way of recoverin...

Fred grew up in California and studied biology and played the violin at Princeton as an undergraduate. He obtained an M.D. Ph.D. at UCSF, studying under the wise tutelage of the late Ira Herskowitz. As a graduate student, he played with budding yeast ‘shmoos’ and studied how yeast pheromones arrest the cell cycle. He then went to do postdoctoral stints with Paul Nurse in Oxford and London, and ...