Rear-end collisions are one of the most frequent crash types in the U.S. Pre-Collision System (PCS) have been developed to mitigate the frequency and severity of rear-end collisions. The potential effectiveness of these systems, however, depends on the driver’s state and their attempted avoidance maneuvers. This study utilized the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey (NMVCCS), a unique...

Safe driving performance includes the successful detection and avoidance of an impending collision. Of all crash types, rear end collisions account for a high number of vehicle crashes. For example, data from the NHTSA 2003 General Estimates system indicated that rear-end crashes accounted for 28% of police reported crashes in the United States and is a rate higher than other types of high cras...

Collision warning systems offer a promising approach to mitigate rear-end collisions, but substantial uncertainty exists regarding the joint performance of the driver and the collision warning algorithms. A simple deterministic model of driver performance was used to examine kinematics-based and perceptual-based rear-end collision avoidance algorithms over a range of collision situations, algor...

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PURPOSE This study aims to explore the biomechanical mechanism of lower limb injuries to the driver by establishing a finite element (FE) simulation model of collisions. METHODS First a minibus FE model was integrated with a seat belt system. Then it was used to rebuild two collisions together with the total human model for safety (THUMS) provided by Toyota Motor Corporation: a rear-end colli...