Two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channel expression is believed to underlie the developmental emergence of a potassium leak conductance [IK(SO)] in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs), suggesting that K2P function is an important determinant of the input conductance and resting membrane potential. To investigate the role that different K2P channels may play in the regulation of CGN excitability, w...

Low glucose condition induces neuronal cell-death via intracellular mechanisms including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways. It has been shown that low glucose medium decreases neuronal survival in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). In this study, we have examined the activation of JNK, p38kinase and ERK1/2 pathways in low glucose medium in CGNs. The CGNs were prepared ...

Developing neurons undergo a series of maturational stages, and the timing of these events is critical for formation of synaptic circuitry. Here we addressed temporal regulation of the Gabra6 gene, which is expressed in a delayed manner during dendritogenesis in maturing cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). Developmental up-regulation of Gabra6 transcription required a binding site for nuclear fa...

Chronic glomerulonephritis syndrome is one of clinical classification in primary glomerulonephritis. Clinical classification of primary glomerulonephritis consists of five groups. (WHO 1995) They are acute nephritic syndrome, rapidly progressive nephritic syndrome, recurrent or persistent hematuria (proteinuria), chronic nephritic syndrome, and nephrotic syndrome. After therapy or renal biopsy,...

BACKGROUND Low transient transfection efficiency limits the ability to characterize putative proapoptotic gene function in neurons. Laser scanning cytometry (LSC), with its high capacity, medium throughput means of collecting fluorescent emissions from cultured cells, offers an effective technology for scoring cell death in neuronal transfectants. METHODS Cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) wer...

Mitochondrial oxidative stress significantly contributes to the underlying pathology of several devastating neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondria are highly sensitive to the damaging effects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species; therefore, these organelles are equipped with a number of free radical scavenging systems. In particular, the mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) pool is a critical ...

Cerebellar granule cells (CGNs) are one of many neurons that express phasic and tonic GABAergic conductances. Although it is well established that Golgi cells (GoCs) mediate phasic GABAergic currents in CGNs, their role in mediating tonic currents in CGNs (CGN-I(tonic)) is controversial. Earlier studies suggested that GoCs mediate a component of CGN-I(tonic) that is present only in preparations...

Signaling by the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR), also known as NGFR) is often referred to as cell-context dependent, but neuron-type-specific signaling by p75(NTR) has not been systematically investigated. Here, we report that p75(NTR) signals very differently in hippocampal neurons (HCNs) and cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs), and we present evidence indicating that this is partly control...

One important, often overlooked, issue for large, three dimensional time-dependent computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations is the input and output performance of the CFD solver, especially for large time-dependent simulations. The development of the CFD General Notation System (CGNS) has brought a standardized and robust data format to the CFD community, enabling the exchange of informat...

Stimulation of the neuronal cell adhesion molecule L1 in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) enhances neurite outgrowth and this response is inhibited by the primary alcohol ethanol. Because primary alcohols suppress the formation of the signaling lipid phosphatidic acid (PA) by phospholipase D (PLD), this observation prompted us to investigate whether PLD plays a role in the L1-mediated neurite ...