Introduction Anatomical variations of human ribs have been well documented [1–3]. Common variations include asymmetric ribs, cervical or lumbar ribs, fusion of rib 1 and 2 and the absence of rib 1 [2, 3]. Unusual variants include fibrous tissue replacing costal cartilage, ribs bifurcated at the sternal insertion, two adjacent ribs articulating at their costal cartilages by a diarthrosis, synart...

Anomalies of the cervical spine are intriguing anatomically and often come to clinical attention. Fusion of one or more cervical vertebral segments, the Klippel- Feil anomaly (KFA), often causes increased motion at the vertebral segments superior to and inferior to the fused level with a resultant premature wear of these joints. We report an adult male skeleton with fusion of his C6 and C7 vert...

Cervical ribs in man are anomalous structures Lather than examples of evolution or reversion. rhe embryological formation of supernumerary ribs is attributed to a conflict between forming plexuses and ribs. In high forms the limb buds cover several vertebral segments, the nerves from which grow into the buds. The nerves have to follow an oblique course before entering the ouds due to a differen...