OBJECTIVE To assess the sensitivity, the number needed to screen (NNS) and the positive predictive value (PPV) of cervical cytology for the diagnosis of cancer by age in a screening population. METHODS A retrospective cohort of women with invasive cervical cancer nested within a census of cervical cytology. All (c. 8 million) women aged 20-64 years with cervical cytology (excluding tests afte...

OBJECTIVES Most non-screen-detected cervical cancers are advanced stage. We assess the potential for cytology to expedite diagnosis when used outside of routine call and recall screening for cervical cancer. METHODS Two cohorts of women with cytology that did not appear to have been taken as part of routine screening, nested within a census of cervical cytology, in England between April 2007 ...

Cervical cytology remains the principal screening method to detect pre-invasive and invasive cervical lesions. Management of abnormal cervical cytology depends on the risk of encountering a significant cervical lesion or high-grade cervical disease. These risks may vary in different areas across the country. Thus, determining the rate of significant cervical lesion associated with each type of ...

BACKGROUND Cervical cancer in young women presents a diagnostic challenge because gynaecological symptoms are common but underlying disease is rare. AIM To explore the potential for using cytology as a diagnostic aid for cervical cancer in young women. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective review of primary care records and cytology data from the national cervical screening database and national...

OBJECTIVE Since cytology is the examination utilized for the screening of cervical cancer, it is important to determine its correlation with histologic examination, the gold standard in the diagnosis of cervical disease. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective evaluation was made of 431 patients who presented with colposcopic indication for cervical biopsy between 2003 and 2007. RESULTS In 90.8% (289/...

Since the introduction of the Pap smear by George Papanicolaou, cervical cytology has become the main diagnostic tool to detect cervical cancer. Nowadays cervical cytology is not only used for the detection of overt cancer cells, but also for finding precursor lesions of cervical cancer—that is, cervical intraepithelial lesions grades I–III (CIN). The success of cervical cytology has often been...

BACKGROUND Currently, available data regarding previous cervical cytology and high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) test results to detect invasive cervical cancer are limited and controversial in China. Therefore, this retrospective study in a population of Chinese women with invasive cervical carcinoma aimed to gain further insight into the roles of cytology and hrHPV testing in cervical can...

Cervical cancer is the 11th leading cause of death from cancer for females in Japan. In 2005, there were 2486 deaths from cervical cancer, accounting for 1.8% of the total number of cancer deaths in Japan. Cervical cancer screening using conventional cytology has been conducted worldwide. The guideline for cervical cancer screening was developed based on the established method. The efficacies o...

Follow-up of high-risk HPV positive women by combined cytology and bi-marker CADM1/MAL methylation analysis on cervical scrapes 8 Chapter 8 136 ABSTRACT Objectives Triage of HPV screen-positive women is needed to identify those with underlying cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 or worse (CIN2/3+). Presently, cytology on a physician-taken cervical scrape at baseline is mostly accepted ...

Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy in women worldwide after breast cancer (Ferlay et al.). In Thailand, its incidence was 17.7/100,000 of Thai female population during 2004-2006 (Khunhaprema et al., 2012). Cervical cancer incidences and deaths have decreased since the implementation of widespread cervical cancer screening with cervical cytology and/or human papilloma virus (HP...