in some islamic narrations (ahadith) it is prohibited to postpone the performance of had (prescribed punishment). by analyzing the content of these narrations, this article concludes that they are not specifically related to hodoud in its idiomatic sense, i.e. prescribed punishments as opposed to ta’zir(discretionary punishment). indeed all punishments must be certain and performed in a reasona...

The evidence in support of the deterrent effect of the certainty of punishment is far more consistent than that for the severity of punishment. However, the evidence in support of certainty’s effect pertains almost exclusively to apprehension probability. Consequently, the more precise statement is that certainty of apprehension, not the severity of the ensuing legal consequence, is the more ef...

THIS PAPER SEEKS TO EXAMINE THE MANNER IN WHICH DRINK-DRIVING and certain speeding offences are dealt with in the criminal justice system. This analysis will use Victorian legislation; however many of the features of Victorian legislation have equivalents in other jurisdictions. The focus will be on interference with driving licences. This is one of the most common sanctions employed and one wh...

With the ubiquitous deployment of Internet, workplace Internet misuse has raised increasing concern for organizations. Research has demonstrated employee reactions to monitoring systems and how they are implemented. However, little is known about the impact of punishment-related policies on employee intention to misuse Internet. To extend this line of research beyond prior studies, this paper p...

this paper considers the automatic design of fuzzy rule-basedclassification systems based on labeled data. the classification performance andinterpretability are of major importance in these systems. in this paper, weutilize the distribution of training patterns in decision subspace of each fuzzyrule to improve its initially assigned certainty grade (i.e. rule weight). ourapproach uses a punish...

With the ubiquitous deployment of Internet, workplace Internet misuse has raised increasing concern for organizations. Research has demonstrated employee reactions to monitoring systems and how they are implemented. However, little is known about the impact of punishment-related policies on employee intention to misuse Internet. To extend this line of research beyond prior studies, this paper p...

This research focuses on the development and empirical validation of a model of software piracy behavior in Vietnam on the basis of institution isomorphism theory, deterrence theory, and expected utility theory. A survey of 145 respondents and PLS (Partial Least Square) were utilized for analysis. The test of this study reveals that mimetic pressure is the greatest significant factor to influen...

= 232087. Pager, Devah. 2007. Marked: Race, Crime, and Finding Work in an Era of Mass Incarceration. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Paternoster, Raymond. 1987. “The Deterrence Effect of the Perceived Certainty and Severity of Punishment: A Review of the Evidence and Issues.” Justice Quarterly 4:

= 232087. Pager, Devah. 2007. Marked: Race, Crime, and Finding Work in an Era of Mass Incarceration. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Paternoster, Raymond. 1987. “The Deterrence Effect of the Perceived Certainty and Severity of Punishment: A Review of the Evidence and Issues.” Justice Quarterly 4: