Cut-elimination is the most important proof transformation in logic. Equality is a central paradigm in mathematics and plays a key role in automated deduction. Therefore its importance awakes the necessity of integrating equality into existing cut-elimination methods. In this paper we extend the resolution-based method of cut-elimination CERES to CERES-e by adding equality (and paramodulation t...

The surface elemental composition of dwarf planet Ceres constrains its regolith ice content, aqueous alteration processes, and interior evolution. Using nuclear spectroscopy data acquired by NASA's Dawn mission, we determined the concentrations of elemental hydrogen, iron, and potassium on Ceres. The data show that surface materials were processed by the action of water within the interior. The...

The manuscript describes the methodology employed to derive the current angular distribution models (ADMs) for the CERES instruments, i.e. the radiance-to-flux conversion algorithms for CERES thermal and solar measurements. This paper is necessary to document the new CERES product Ed4SSF, which improves the retrieval of cloud parameters and TOA flux with respect to previous versions. The enhanc...

MOTIVATION There is accumulating evidence that the chromatin environment of transcription factor (TF) binding sites in promoter regions has a critical influence on their regulatory potential. Recent studies have mapped TF binding sites and nucleosome positions throughout the yeast genome; however, there is a lack of computation tools to integrate these data types. RESULTS We have developed th...

Observations and models of Ceres suggest that its evolution was shaped by interactions between liquid water and silicate rock. Hydrothermal processes in a heated core require both fractured rock and liquid. Using a new core cracking model coupled to a thermal evolution code, we find volumes of fractured rock always large enough for significant interaction to occur. Therefore, liquid persistence...

Surface net radiation plays an important role in land–atmosphere interactions. The net radiation can be retrieved from satellite radiative products, yet its accuracy needs comprehensive assessment. This study evaluates monthly surface net radiation generated from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) and the Surface Radiation Budget project (SRB) products, respectively, with ...

The Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) generates one of the few global satellite radiation products. The CERES ARM Validation Experiment (CAVE) has been providing long-term in situ observations for the validation of the CERES products. However, the number of these sites is low and their distribution is globally sparse, and particularly the surface net radiation product has not...

Cut-elimination is the most prominent form of proof transformation in logic. The elimination of cuts in formal proofs corresponds to the removal of intermediate statements (lemmas) in mathematical proofs. The cut-elimination method CERES (cut-elimination by resolution) works by constructing a set of clauses from a proof with cuts. Any resolution refutation of this set then serves as a skeleton ...

Introduction: The dwarf planet Ceres has a diameter of ~950 km, and it is the largest object in the asteroid belt. Ceres has a density of ~2040-2250 kg m, and a dark non-icy surface with signs of hydrated minerals [1-5]. The low density implies that Ceres contains a significant fraction of voids and/or low-density compounds. These compounds could be presented by hydrated and OH-bearing minerals...

Observing Earth’s radiant energy budget from space is critical to improving our understanding of Earth’s climate system. The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) (Barkstrom 1984; Barkstrom and Smith 1986) was the first initiative to provide simultaneous observations of Earth’s radiant energy with identical instruments flying aboard separate satellites. The design of the ERBE instrument was ...