Efforts at fiscal consolidation are often limited because of concerns over potential social unrest. From German austerity measures during the 1930s to the violent demonstrations in Greece in 2010, hard times have tended to go hand in hand with antigovernment violence. In this paper, I assemble cross-country evidence from eleven South American countries for the period 1937 to 1995 about the exte...

This volume of the International Journal of Central Banking includes the proceedings from the conference titled “New Frameworks for Monetary Policy Analysis in an Era of Crises,” hosted by the Central Bank of Chile on September 27–28, 2012. In addition to the papers and discussions, this issue contains the prepared remarks given at the conference by Rodrigo Vergara (Governor, Central Bank of Ch...

The Series of Economic Policy Papers of the Central Bank of Chile presents views and analyses of the Chilean economy and the conduct of monetary policy prepared by Bank authorities. This series, aimed at the general public, disseminates and discusses topics that are relevant to the goals and operations of the Central Bank. The views expressed in this document are those of the staff team and are...

Introduced species can arrive into new territories with parasites; however, these species are expected to face lower parasite richness than in their original regions. Both introduced hosts and parasites can affect native fauna. Since their release into the wild in Chile following laboratory use, Xenopus laevis Daudin, 1802 has widely spread throughout central Chile. The only pathogen described ...

F. A. Cárdenas-López,1, 2, ∗ M. Sanz,3, † J. C. Retamal,1, 2 and E. Solano3, 4 Departamento de Fı́sica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Avenida Ecuador 3493, 9170124, Santiago, Chile Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 9170124, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilba...

Bank of Chile. We thank P. García, L. O. Herrera, J. Marshall, K. Schmidt-Hebbel, R. Vergara, and participants in the Third Annual Conference of the Central Bank of Chile, “Monetary Policy: Rules and Transmission Mechanisms”, for helpful comments. All remaining errors are our responsibility. This paper presents the views of the authors and does not necessarily represent in any way the positions...

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between behavioral problems and tobacco smoking among adolescent students in Chile. METHODS Data were drawn from a study that included questionnaire surveys of 46 907 school-attending adolescents in all 13 of the administrative regions of Chile. Assessments were based on an adapted, Spanish-language version of the Drug Use Screening Inventory. The conditio...

This paper collects the various ways of computing the central charge c = 3l/2G arising in 3d asymptotically anti-de Sitter spaces, in the Chern-Simons formulation. Their similarities and differences are displayed. On leave from Centro de Estudios Cient́ıficos de Santiago, Casilla 16443, Santiago, Chile and, Departamento de F́ısica, Universidad de Santiago, Casilla 307, Santiago, Chile.