In dynamical systems examples are common in which two or more attractors coexist and in such cases the basin boundary is non-empty. The purpose of this paper is to describe the structure and properties of basins and their boundaries for two-dimensional diffeomorphisms. If a two-dimensional basin has a basin cell (a trapping region whose boundary consists of pieces of the stable and unstable man...

After significant reductions in external phosphorus (P) loads, and subsequent water quality improvements in the early 1980s, the water quality of Lake Erie has declined considerably over the past decade. The frequency and magnitude of harmful algal blooms (primarily in the western basin) and the extent of hypoxic bottom waters in the central basin have increased. The decline in ecosystem health...

current research in order to identify neo tectonic activity of the ziyarat basin has been made on the northern slopes of the eastern alborz in south-gorgan and using the index of morpho tectonic and tectonic evidence in the area. in this regard, the 6 morphological parameters were calculated and the results are analyzed. the overall results of these features, as indicators of the relative activ...

This article explores the possibility of urbanizationand irrigation-induced increases in summer precipitation totals in central Arizona. Maximum precipitation impacts are hypothesized to occur downwind of the Phoenix area in the Lower Verde basin. Results from statistical tests indicate that summer precipitation totals in the Lower Verde basin are greater than totals in nearby basins. Precipita...

We investigate the evolutionary history of the wide-ranging Nearctic treefrog Hyla arenicolor through the integration of extensive range-wide sampling, phylogenetic analyses of multilocus genetic data, and divergence dating. Previous phylogeographic studies of this frog documented a potential signature of introgressive hybridization from an ecologically and morphologically divergent sister spec...

[1] Among countries with river basin organizations to manage their water resources, Spain’s experience is one of the longest. One of the first basin agencies established in Spain was for the Guadalquivir River in the south. A case study of that river basin and its management indicates how basin management is shaped by political economy factors such as the historical path of the agency’s evoluti...

We present models for the structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath lunar impact basins from an inversion of gravity and topographic data from the nearside of the moon. All basin models display a thinner crust and an elevated Moho beneath the central basin region compared to surrounding areas, a signature of the processes of basin excavation and mantle uplift during collapse of the transi...