Broomcorn seed (Sorghum vulgare) was used as raw material for bioethanol production. Optimum conditions were obtained from response surface method. Broomcorn seed flour (45 g/l) was treated by alkaline treatment and dual enzymatic hydrolysis (0.7 g/l of α- amylase and 0.42 g/l of amyloglucosidase). The hydrolyzed total sugar of 25.5 g/L was used in conventional bioethanol production (8.1 g/l) u...

spermatogonial stem cell (ssc) technologies provide multiple opportunities for research in the field of biotechnology and regenerative medicine. the therapeutic use of embryonic stem cells (escs) is restricted due to severe ethical and immunological concerns. therefore, we need a new pluripotent cell type. despite well-known role of germ cells in the gametogenesis, some facts apparently show th...

Increased throughput in the techniques used to engineer new metabolic pathways in unicellular organisms demands similarly high throughput tools for measuring the effects of these pathways on phenotype. For example, the metabolic engineer is often faced with the challenge of selecting the one genomic perturbation that produces a desired result out of tens of thousands of possibilities [1]. We pr...

The cell, the basic functional unit of all organisms, has been considered as a key to the solution of human diseases and environmental problems because it contains a lot of information to be disclosed. In many biological and its related experiments, the work of handling a cell is an important initial step to have further experimental results. However, the handling of a cell still require a skil...

In metastasis research, it may sometimes be necessary to separate populations of tumor cells from a mixed cell population such as a tumor, peripheral blood, or bone marrow. In addition, the normal counterparts of populations of tumor cells can be separated to allow direct comparisons to be made (1).In recent years magnetic bead separation techniques have become increasingly popular for these pu...