The effect of protein binding on drug penetration into blister fluid was evaluated by using cefonicid, ceftizoxime, and cefotaxime. Drug concentrations in a chamber with a high surface area/volume ratio (i.e., paper disk) follow changes in serum more closely than do those in a chamber with a low surface area/volume ratio. Both the area under the concentration-time curve ratio and the concentrat...

Minimum inhibitory concentrations of ceftizoxime for seven clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis were found to be markedly affected by inoculum size; the very low minimum inhibitory concentration values (less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml) obtained in tests with most strains were not sustained when the inoculum was raised 100-fold. Benzylpenicillin and cephalothin were also affected by...

The pharmacokinetics of ceftizoxime were studied in 12 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. After a 3-g intravenous dose, the steady-state volume of distribution was 0.23 +/- 0.05 liter kg-1, with an elimination half-life of 9.7 +/- 5.1 h. The peritoneal clearance of ceftizoxime (2.8 +/- 0.7 ml min-1) contributed modestly to the overall serum clearance of the drug (17.1 +/- 7....

Ceftizoxime is a common agent used in prophylaxis of infections after abdominal hysterectomy. Metronidazole could be used instead of ceftizoxime for this matter. To compare these two drugs, in a randomized clinical trial, 30 patients received metronidazole suppositories (1g) and 33 patients received intravenous ceftizoxime (1g) before surgery. There were not any significant demographic (age, we...

Ceftriaxone was administered at 25 mg kg daily by intramuscular injection for 60 days in goats. Blood, urine and feces samples were collected at every 7 days interval. Residual concentration of ceftriaxone and its metabolite ceftizoxime in blood, urine and feces showed a decreased pattern after 7 days onwards. Ceftriaxone and its metabolite (ceftizoxime) residue were recorded in kidney, lung, l...

Cefotaxime and its desacetoxymethyl derivative, ceftizoxime (previously known as FK749), are both extremely active against a wide spectrum of bacteria. In the present comparative study, the activity of ceftizoxime exceeded that of cefotaxime by a factor of four or more for strains of Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Providencia, Serratia, and Bacteroides; the only species for which the activity of cef...

The activity of cefmenoxime, an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was studied against 650 bacteria. It was slightly less active than cefotaxime and more active than moxalactam against staphylococci. It had activity similar to that of cefotaxime and ceftizoxime against group A and B streptococci and Streptococcus pneumoniae. It did not inhibit Streptococcus faecalis or Listeria spp. Cefmenoxime had ...

The efficacy and safety of ceftizoxime and cefoxitin were compared in a randomized, double-blind study of therapy for lower extremity infections in patients with diabetes mellitus or peripheral vascular disease. Overall clinical responses were satisfactory in 82% (23/28) of patients treated with ceftizoxime and in 68% (17/25) of patients treated with cefoxitin. The difference was not statistica...

Patients enrolled in two double-blind multicenter studies were evaluated for the development of hypoprothrombinemia during treatment with cephalosporins. Patients with pneumonia or peritonitis received ceftizoxime, cefotaxime, or moxalactam. The incidence of hypoprothrombinemia was greater in patients with peritonitis (12 of 49) than in those with pneumonia (5 of 96; P less than 0.05). Overall,...