local scouring around bridge piers is a natural phenomenon caused by the erosive process of flowing stream on alluvial beds. the 3d flow field around bridge piers interacting with the bed materials increases complexity of local scour process. the local scour depth develops in accelerated flows and if it is not predicted correctly, the bottom level of local scour hole will exceed the original le...

Investigating the features and flow behavior and related component is one of the complex phenomena that make using of software inevitable. The rivers carry sediment content along with water which is created by erosion of riverbed sediment and erosion caused by rainfall or surface runoff flowing over the catchment area. If the action of river dewatering occurs, the entry of sediment into the int...

Water obtained from any source may contain impurities induced by erosion, dissolved minerals, dissolved gases and material produced from organic matter decomposing. If the amount of these substances exceed a certain limit, not only the water would not be potable, but the water containing the material will not be suitable to be used in most applications, or at least before treatment cannot be ap...

due to its complexity and destructive nature, convection has been subject of many studies and researches among weather phenomena throughout the world. scientists have attempted for decades to generate different types of models to provide the possibility of abating or, at least, reducing convective weather phenomena effects on people’s lives. in south or southwest of iran, people are familiar wi...

the partial differential equations for water flow and solute transport in a two-dimensional saturated domain are rendered discrete using the finite difference technique; the resulting system of algebraic equations is solved using a dynamic programming (dp) method. the advantage of the dp algorithm is that the problem is converted from solving an algebraic system of order nc(nl-1) nc(nl-1) into...

one of the most concerning issues for researchers is to predict the shape and dimensions of the scour pit nearhydraulic structures such as the base of bridges, weirs, valves and stilling basins due to both financial and humanhazards induced by destruction of the structure. as the scour issue has its own complexity in relation to themultiplicity of effecting factors on it, in this study therefor...