A field investigation was carried in cattle in the vicinity of Aluminium industry and Fertilizers unit situated in the Eloor industrial belt of Ernakulam district, Kerala. Clinical surveys were conducted in randomly selected 119 cattle aged three years and above. Blood and urine samples were collected from the randomly selected thirty cattle, aged three years and above and the fluorine content ...

Cetaceans are well adapted to their hyperosmotic environment by properly developed osmoregulatory ability. A question here is how they regulate water and mineral balances in marine habitats. In the present study, we determined blood and urine levels of various chemicals involved in osmoregulation, compared them with those in artiodactyls, and characterized the values in the whales. Blood and ur...

In order to investigate the prevalence and detection of etiological agents of pyelonephritis in Shahrekordabattoir, 404 kidneys of slaughtered cattle (207 female and 197 male) were inspected. Kidney samples, whichhad gross changes were obtained for histological examination. Urine and renal tissue samples were alsocollected aseptically for microbiological examination. In histological examination...

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of sex (steers vs. heifers) of young Holstein cattle on N and OM excretion in feces and urine and to use these data to develop prediction models for N and OM excretion. Data used were derived from a study with 20 autumn-born Holstein cattle (10 steers and 10 heifers) with N and OM intake and output measured at age of 6, 12, 18, an...

Urine excreted by cattle can produce very high concentrations of available N in relatively small volumes of soil and lead to high nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Application of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) can inhibit nitrification. DCD application results in lower nitrate (NO3 ) concentrations and N2O emissions from denitrification in urine affected soils. However, the effect...

Urolithiasis is the term used to denote the formation of urinary calculi in animals including disease conditions that arise as a direct result. The terms urinary calculus and urolith on the other hand apply only to the actual calculi or uroliths formed in urolithiasis. In cattle, urinary calculi present in the bladder, on occasions enter and obstruct the urethra. This is the common form of obst...

Ruminant production contributes to emissions of nitrogen (N) to the environment, principally ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O) and di-nitrogen (N2) to air, nitrate (NO3 -) to groundwater and particulate N to surface waters. Variation in dietary N intake will particularly affect excretion of urinary N, which is much more vulnerable to losses than is faecal N. Our objective is to review dietary ...

The toxicities of phenanthrene (PH) and pyrene (PY) are less than benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) , but both compounds are found in higher concentrations in the air, feed, and food. Most PAHs are metabolized to hydroxylated compounds by the hepatic cytochrome P450 monooxigenases system. Metabolites are excreted into urine and feces. We determined concentrations of PH, PY and BaP in muscle and hydroxylat...

BACKGROUND To ensure sustainable routine surveillance of mosquito vectors, simple, effective and ethically acceptable tools are required. As a part of that, we evaluated the efficiency of resting boxes baited with fresh and aging cattle urine for indoor and outdoor sampling of An. arabiensis in the lower Moshi rice irrigation schemes. METHODS A cattle urine treatment and re-treatment schedule...

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne neglected tropical disease. JE mostly found in rural areas where people usually keep cattle at home for their needs. Cattle households reduce virus infections since they distract vectors and act as dead-end host the virus. However, presence of introduces risk leptospirosis humans. Leptospirosis bacterial disease that spreads through direct or indir...