The One Health approach investigates the complexities surrounding the interplay between the animal, human and environmental domains. Zoonotic pathogens, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157, which have animal reservoirs, also have direct impact on public health. Cattle are the primary reservoir of E. coli O157, however infection with this bacterium is asymptomatic. Infected cattle appear hea...

The article presents the materials of effect polyvalent inactivated culture vaccine against infectious rhi-notracheitis, viral diarrhea, parainfluenza-3, respiratory syncytial, rotavirus and coronavirus infection cattle "BolsheVak" on immunomorphogenesis in rabbits. It was found that double immunization with an interval 21 days allows for more active development cellular humoral immunity immuni...

blackleg in cattle has been recognized since 1938 in iran that mostly affects cattle in enzootic farm. main object of this study was to prepare and formulate a concentrated potent vaccine for immunization of cattle against blackleg in iran. experimental concentrated blackleg vaccine was prepared according to the method described by fao. the medium (modified medium for production of experimental...

The Immunoglobulin IgG1 and IgG2 isotype immune responses of domestic ruminants and mice to Cowdria. ruminantium live infection or by immunization with inactivated organisms were determined by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting. Immunization of goats with inactivated elementary bodies (IEBs) led to a predominant IgG1 isotype response. This indicated that a Th2 response w...

Vaccination by a mucosal route is an excellent approach to the control of mucosally acquired infections. Several reports on rodents suggest that DNA vaccines can be used to achieve mucosal immunity when applied to mucosal tissues. However, with the exception of one study with pigs and another with horses, there is no information on mucosal DNA immunization of the natural host. In this study, th...

Thirteen bovine leukemia virus- (BLV-) negative and 22 BLV-positive Holstein cows were immunized with J5 Escherichia coli bacterin at dry off, three weeks before calving, during the second week after calving, and three weeks after the third immunization. Serum was collected before the initial immunization, immediately before the third and fourth immunizations, and 21 days after the fourth immun...

This review summarizesemergingand re-emergingmajor bacterial, fungal, viral and protozoan causes of abortion in cattle. The clinical presentations of disease due to reproductive pathogens are emphasized, with afocus on assisting development of complete lists of major causes that result in abortion in cattle. Clinicians areencouraged to assess clinical presentation, create complete lists of diff...

The acquired immune system of mammals (such as humans, mice, rats, and cattle) is the most studied immune system. Taking a quick look at the ‘tree of life’ reveals that this intensely studied system belongs to a very small minority of taxa, the jawed vertebrates, raising the question: why did this system evolve when all other plants and animals survive without it? This work reviews some of the ...

The efficacy of active immunization against GnRH as a non-invasive alternative to physical castration was assessed in Hereford × Angus bull calves. Calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups; unimmunized calves (n = 8), bull calves actively immunized against GnRH (n = 30), or calves castrated at 3 months of age and either non-implanted (n = 9) or implanted with Synovex (n = 9). Im...

The antibody response patterns of cattle after subcutaneous and intranasal immunizations with adhesin Tf190 of Tritrichomonas foetus were investigated. Reactions of antibody from cattle parenterally immunized with Tf190 revealed antigen specificity and Tf190 sensitization in the majority of the animals, as determined by Western blotting. The results also demonstrated strong preimmune immunoglob...