This paper reports aldehyde emissions from two-stroke and four-stroke, single cylinder spark ignition (SI) engines with gasohol (80 vol. % gasoline, 20 vol. % ethanol) having copper coated engine (copper-coated thickness, 300 μm) on piston crown and inner side of cylinder head) provided with catalytic converter with sponge iron as catalyst and compared with conventional SI engine with gasoline ...

The modified Claus process is the major technology for the recovery of elemental sulfur from hydrogen sulfide. The chemical reactions that can occur in the reaction furnace are numerous and many byproducts such as carbon disulfide and carbon carbonyl sulfide are produced. These compounds can often contribute from 20 to 50% of the pollutants and therefore, should be hydrolyzed in the catalytic c...

catalysts with the formula of laco(1+x)o(3+δ), where 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, were studied for oxidation of co and c2h6 in a synthetic exhaust gas, comprising 6.0 % co and 0.2 % c2h6 in ar. ethane was selected as a model for hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas. the performance of catalysts is correlated to their properties, particularly their redox in oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. xrd patterns show perovsk...

In this paper, a modelling approach to the design optimization of catalytic converters is presented. The first step of the optimization is the model-assisted sizing of catalysts. For a given inlet exhaust condition, a semi-empirical, experimentally calibrated, 0-D steady state catalyst model is employed to sort through a data base of catalysts under given restraints, yielding few successful can...

This article analyzes the influence of the ignition retardation on the fuel consumption, the cumulative tailpipe hydrocarbon emissions, and the temperature inside the three-way catalytic converter in a gasoline direct injection engine operated under idling conditions. A dedicated cylinder-individual, model-based, multivariable controller was used in experiments in order to isolate the effect of...

The major pollutants emitted from spark ignition (SI) engine are carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides which are hazardous to human beings and environment. If the engine is run with alcohol blended alternate fuels, aldehydes are emitted as significant pollutants, which are carcinogenic and harmful in nature. Hence, control of these aldehyde emissions call for immediate ...

Investigations were conducted to evaluate the performance of a two-stroke, single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with gasohol (80% gasoline and 20% ethanol by volume) having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on piston crown, inner side of cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with different catalysts of sponge iron and manganese ore and compared with ...

Catalytic converters are the most effective means of reducing pollutant emissions from internal combustion engines under normal operating conditions. But the future emission requirements cannot be met by three way catalysts (TWC) as they cannot effectively remove hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from the outlet of internal combustion engines in the cold-start phase. Therefore...