Based on the propagation rules of electromagnetic waves in metal conductors, this paper analyzes the characteristics of electric field and magnetic field of internal conductors. Then the complex power of electromagnetic wave is calculated. The impedance calculation formula of metal conductor is derived. Moreover, in order to identify and detect defects of metal casing, an alternating current im...

A good knowledge of the parameters causing casing damage is critically important due to vital role of casing during the life of a well. Cement sheath, which fills in the gap between the casing and wellbore wall, has a profound effect on the resistance of the casing against applied loads. Most of the empirical equations proposed to estimate the collapse resistance of casing ignore the effects of...

According to the technology requirements of measurement for animal casing, in this paper, we use PLC and touch screen as the control core, the electromechanical integration design ideas to research the methods and principles for casing measure, and analyze the mechanical structures and mechanical characteristics of casing machine. As the control core, the programmable logic controller (PLC) ens...

The virtual-casing principle is used in plasma physics to convert a Biot–Savart integration over a current distribution into a surface integral over a surface that encloses the current. In many circumstances, use of virtual casing can significantly speed up the computation of magnetic fields. In this paper, a virtual-casing principle is derived for a general vector field with arbitrary divergen...

Casing coupling location signals provided by the magnetic localizer in retractors are typically used to ascertain the position of casing couplings in horizontal wells. However, the casing coupling location signal is usually submerged in noise, which will result in the failure of casing coupling detection under the harsh logging environment conditions. The limitation of Shannon wavelet time entr...

Despite evaluation of large number of agroindustrial wastes for their use as casing material for Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach cultivation, scant attention has been given to the importance of biological properties of casing materials. In the present study, an attempt was made to characterize the bacterial flora in casing layer, namely, Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and Spent Mushroom Substrate/spen...

Dry bubble disease is a major problem in the commercial cultivation of the white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus and is caused by the ascomycete Lecanicillium fungicola. In the casing layer, germination of L. fungicola spores is inhibited by the microflora, a phenomenon known as fungistasis. Fungistasis is annulled when the casing is colonized by A. bisporus hyphae. We demonstrated that addit...

a good knowledge of the parameters causing casing damage is critically important due to vital role of casing during the life of a well. cement sheath, which fills in the gap between the casing and wellbore wall, has a profound effect on the resistance of the casing against applied loads. most of the empirical equations proposed to estimate the collapse resistance of casing ignore the effects of...

4 large hameter casing design was adopted for 34 vells drilled in the Philippines using 13-3/8” mduction casing in combination with 9-5/8’ slotted iner to improve well output and to reduce space equirement in collaring the wells. Well test results ndicate an increase in production by as much as !50% compared with wells using the usual string ambination of 9-5/8” and 7-518”. In the 600 MWe q t e...

Steam Turbines are devices used to convert thermal energy of steam into mechanical energy, which may be used to produce Electrical Energy. Steam turbine generator units are being used extensively all over the world for generation of electric power and for co-generation of steam and power. Contact pressure and pretension in bolts-analysis has been made easier in recent years due to the availabil...