Health smart card is like ATM card which provide cash benefits to patient through insurance company for hospital and medical benefits without expending money from the patient at the time of need. But now-a-days, fraud is done using the health smart card as few patients does not know the real cost of the treatment, so doctor take more payment and benefits through health smart card and generate f...

BACKGROUND Providing benefits and payments to participants in health research, either in cash or in kind, is a common but ethically controversial practice. While much literature has concentrated on appropriate levels of benefits or payments, this paper focuses on less well explored ethical issues around the nature of study benefits, drawing on views of community members living close to an inter...

The paper explores the driving forces behind corporate cash holdings by analyzing past literature and extending this research to the behavior of firms after the 2008 recession. I look at the cash to assets and net debt to assets ratios from October 1980 to October 2011 to obtain an understanding of the past and current state of cash holdings. A comprehensive literature review is done on agency ...

Academics, politicians, and journalists are often highly critical of U.S. firms for holding too much cash. Cash holdings are stockpiled free-cash flow and incur substantial opportunity costs from the perspectives of economics. However, behavioral theory highlights the benefits of cash holdings as fungible slack resources facilitating adaptive advantages. We use the countervailing forces embodie...

The paper investigates the optimization of ATM cash by means of genetic algorithm in order to produce optimal upload strategies able to minimize the daily amount of stocked money, still assuring cash dispensing service. We provide experimental evidence of benefits obtained by the proposed approach in terms of lower financial costs and more rational cash management. In particular we considered a...

This study models the supply chain related cash flow risks for a business entity measured by the standard deviations of cash inflows, outflows, and netflows of each period in a planning horizon. The goal is to provide an insightful look on how common practices that intend to improve the Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC), e.g., offering early payment discounts, may contribute to cash flow risks. We sh...

We examine whether and how a US cross-listing mitigates the risk that insiders will turn their firm’s cash holdings into private benefits. We find strong evidence that the value investors attach to excess cash reserves is substantially larger for foreign firms listed on US exchanges and over-the-counter than for their domestic peers. Further, we show that this excess-cash premium stems not only...

Relative to cash pay, fringe benefits' have increased phenomenally during the past three decades. Although the official social security projections include the assumption that this phenomenal rate of growth will continue, no attention has been paid to the implications such growth is likely to have for long-range deficits in the social security trust fund . The projections assume that employer c...