CHROMagar Salmonella (CAS), a new chromogenic medium, was retrospectively compared to Hektoen enteric agar (HEA) with 501 Salmonella stock isolates and was then prospectively compared to HEA for the detection and presumptive identification of Salmonella spp. with 508 stool samples before and after enrichment. All stock cultures (100%), including cultures of H2S-negative isolates, yielded typica...

PURPOSE Coleus amboinicus is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat various diseases such as throat infection, cough and fever, diarrhea, nasal congestion and digestive problems. The plant was explored for endophytic fungi producing antimicrobial agents. METHODS Screening for endophytic fungi producing antimicrobial agents was conducted using agar plug method and antimicrobial activity...

Although activity of iron uptake system (IUS) was thought to play an important role in staphylococcal growth in human peritoneal dialysate (HPD) solution, siderophore production, one of the well-known IUS, was not yet detected directly in HPD solution. Therefore, we tried to detect siderophore production directly in HPD solution by using a newly developed chrome azurol S (CAS) agar diffusion as...

The objective of this work was to study the production of siderophores by endophytic bacteria Methylobacterium spp., which occupy the same ecological niche as Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca (Xfp) in citrus plants. The siderophore production of Methylobacterium strains was tested according to chromeazurol agar assay test (CAS), Csáky test (hydroxamate-type) and Arnow test (catechol-type). In ad...

Siderophores are potent ferric ion chelators produced by microbes like bacteria and fungi during iron stress. The objective of this study was to verify the siderophore-production in noduleforming bacteria and then to compare them with pure cultures of Rhizobium meliloti bacteria. It was achieved by inoculating nodule-forming bacteria in YEM media followed by Chrome Azurol Sulfonate (CAS) assay,...

Under iron stress, Legionella pneumophila secretes legiobactin, a nonclassical siderophore that is reactive in the chrome azurol S (CAS) assay. Here, we have optimized conditions for legiobactin expression, shown its biological activity, and identified two genes, lbtA and lbtB, which are involved in legiobactin production. lbtA appears to be iron repressed and encodes a protein that has signifi...

CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats—CRISPR associated proteins) is a RNA-guided defense immune system that prevents some genetic elements such as plasmids and virus from getting into the bacterial cells. Zymomonas mobilis is an ethanologenic bacterium, which encodes a subtype I-F CRISPR-Cas system containing three CRISPR loci and a far distant cas gene cluster....

UNLABELLED Recent studies have shown that the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) array and its associated (cas) genes can play a key role in bacterial immunity against phage and plasmids. Upon analysis of the Legionella pneumophila strain 130b chromosome, we detected a subtype II-B CRISPR-Cas locus that contains cas9, cas1, cas2, cas4, and an array with 60 repeats and ...

The high-pathogenicity island (HPI) of yersiniae encodes an iron uptake system represented by its siderophore yersiniabactin (Ybt). The HPI is present in yersiniae with high levels of pathogenicity--i.e., Yersinia pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. enterocolitica biogroup (BG) 1B--but absent in Y. enterocolitica strains with low (BG 2 to 5) and no (BG 1A) levels of pathogenicity and has been...