background: salmonella is one of the major causes of human diseases related to food consumption. salmonella typhi and s. para-typhi are causes of typhoidal and para-typhoidal infections. some infected individuals recovering from this infection become temporary or permanent carriers, harboring the organisms in the gallbladder, biliary tract, or rarely in their intestines. the aims of this study ...

background: methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is a common major human pathogen that causes hospital-acquired infections. characterization and typing of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome has led to a better understanding of mrsa infection cycle in hospital. the meca-associated hypervariable region size classifies mrsa isolates that colonized in nasal carriers. objectives: t...

background staphylococcus aureus (sa) is frequently found on normal human skin and mucous membranes. methicilline resistance s. aureus (mrsa) strains have spread in many hospital isolates world wide since 1970s. hospital personnel tend to have higher colonization rates than the general population. colonized residents and personnel are sources for dissemination of organism. materials and methods...

objective: this study was designed to investigate rbc indices and hba2 levels in parents of major beta-thalassemia patients to detect possible silent beta- thalassemia carriers and examine its potential impact on the premarital genetic counseling. materials and methods: this cross sectional study was performed at children medical center from 2004 to 2006. after genetic counseling and getting in...

chitosan-graft-polyethylenimine (chi-g-pei) copolymer has been used for theimprovement of low transfection efficiency of chitosan. the present study aims to test thepulmonary toxicity and efficiency of chi-g-pei as an aerosol gene carrier. mice were exposedto aerosol containing green-fluorescent protein (gfp)-polyethylenimine (pei) or gfp-chig-pei complexes for 30 min during the development of ...

hemophilia b is factor ix deficiency and is inherited as x-linked recessive disorder. the subject of carrier detection in hemophilias has received new impetus in the last several years. analysis of factor ix gene polymorphisms is considered the best approach for prenatal diagnosis and hemophilia b carrier detection, if the identification of the gene mutation is possible. allele frequencies of t...

In present study, using Least Squares (LS) method, we determine the position smoothing in GPS single-frequency receiver by means of pseudo-range and carrier phase measurements. The application of pseudo-range or carrier phase measurements in GPS receiver positioning separately can lead to defects. By means of pseudo-range data, we have position with less precision and more distortion. By use of...

In this paper, a 7-level Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter (DCMLI) is simulated with three different carrier PWM techniques. Here, Carrier based Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM), Third Harmonic Injected Pulse Width Modulation (THIPWM) and Modified Carrier-Based Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) are used as modulation strategies. These modulation strategies include Phase Dispos...

In this study, lead sulfide (PbS) films were grown on Fluorine-doped TinOxide (FTO) glass substrate by thermal evaporation in a horizontal furnace toinvestigate carrier gas effect on structural, morphological, elemental, optical, electricaland photovoltaic properties of PbS. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed theformation of cubic polycrystalline PbS particles fo...