Carboxylation of cotton linters was investigated relative to its use in ion exchange. The effects of different treatments of cotton linters, such as alkali, acid, and activating agents, e.g. LiCl, on the molecular structure and carboxylation of cotton linters were taken in our consideration. The absence or presence of a crosslinking was considered, and the efficiency of these prepared carboxyla...

Difunctionalizing carboxylation of alkynes with CO2 is a sustainable and important strategy to generate valuable acrylate derivatives from both readily available starting materials. Such protocols, however, always suffer the use excess metallic reagents transition metal residue. Herein, we report first thio-carboxylation thiophenols CO2, which visible-light-driven metal-free process. In contras...

The carboxylation of lysine residues is a post-translational modification (PTM) that plays a critical role in the catalytic mechanisms of several important enzymes. It occurs spontaneously under certain physicochemical conditions, but is difficult to detect experimentally. Its full impact is unknown. In this work, the signature microenvironment of lysine-carboxylation sites has been characteriz...

White birch (Betula paperifera Mash) seedlings were exposed to progressively warming in greenhouses under ambient and elevated CO concentrations for 5 months to explore boreal tree species’ potential capacity to acclimate to global climate warming and CO elevation. In foliar gas exchange, in vivo situ carboxylation characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured at temperatures of 26...

C4 plants have a biochemical carbon-concentrating mechanism that increases CO2 concentration around Rubisco in the bundle sheath. Under low light, the activity of the carbon-concentrating mechanism generally decreases, associated with an increase in leakiness (ϕ), the ratio of CO2 retrodiffusing from the bundle sheath relative to C4 carboxylation. This increase in ϕ had been theoretically assoc...

A gamma-carboxylation recognition site on the propeptide of the vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation proteins directs the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues by binding to the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. To determine residues that define this site, we evaluated the effect of mutation of certain residues in the prothrombin propeptide on the extent of carboxylation. The prothrombin cDNA...

White birch (Betula paperifera Mash) seedlings were exposed to progressively warming in greenhouses under ambient and elevated CO 2 concentrations for 5 months to explore boreal tree species' potential capacity to acclimate to global climate warming and CO 2 elevation. In situ foliar gas exchange, in vivo carboxylation characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured at temperatures o...

Pyruvate carboxylation in the isolated perfused rat heart was studied under steady-state conditions. A biotin deficiency resulting in a 90% decrease in myocardial pyruvate carboxylase left the pyruvate carboxylation rate unchanged. Pyruvate carboxylation in heart muscle must therefore take place by means of an enzyme which does not contain biotin. The kinetic properties and mass-action ratio of...

Plants with citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), a disease caused by the xylem-limited bacteria Xylella fastidiosa, have leaves with water deficiency symptoms and are associated with decreases on the net photosynthesis and transpiration rates. Using healthy and CVC-affected ‘Pêra’ sweet orange plants on ‘Rangpur’ lime rootstock, the leaf gas exchange variables were measured with an open-gas porta...

Prothrombin is a vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation protein that undergoes posttranslational y-carboxylation and propeptide cleavage during biosynthesis. The propeptide contains the y-carboxylation recognition site that directs y-carboxylation. To identify the intracellular sites of carboxylation and propeptide cleavage, we monitored the synthesis of prothrombin in Chinese hamster ovary cell...