Prothrombin is a vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation protein that undergoes posttranslational gamma-carboxylation and propeptide cleavage during biosynthesis. The propeptide contains the gamma-carboxylation recognition site that directs gamma-carboxylation. To identify the intracellular sites of carboxylation and propeptide cleavage, we monitored the synthesis of prothrombin in Chinese hamste...

Studies presented here, with the criterion of the degree of binding of the biotin derivatives obtained from acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase to avidin, show that these compounds have an intact ureido ring, eliminating the diamine derivative as an intermediate in the carboxylation. With the use of carboxyl-14C-biotin acetyland propionyl-CoA carboxylases, it has been possible to show both in vivo an...

Carboxylation of aromatics by CO2 to generate corresponding carboxylic acids is recently providing a novel approach to utilize the green gas CO2, in which the activation of CO2 is the key procedure. Among the many catalytic systems employed in the carboxylation, the concept of “Frustrated Lewis Pairs” (FLPs) was scarcely mentioned, which perform excellently in activating small molecules like CO...

Studies presented here, with the criterion of the degree of binding of the biotin derivatives obtained from acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase to avidin, show that these compounds have an intact ureido ring, eliminating the diamine derivative as an intermediate in the carboxylation. With the use of carboxyl-14C-biotin acetyland propionyl-CoA carboxylases, it has been possible to show both in vivo an...

Vitamin K contributes to bone health, probably through its role as cofactor in the carboxylation of osteocalcin. Intervention studies in adults have demonstrated that markedly higher osteocalcin carboxylation is obtained by intakes of vitamin K well above the current recommended dietary intake. However, the relationship between increased vitamin K2 intake and enhanced osteocalcin carboxylation ...

The metabolism of acetone was investigated in the actinomycete Rhodococcus rhodochrous (formerly Nocardia corallina) B276. Suspensions of acetone- and isopropanol-grown R. rhodochrous readily metabolized acetone. In contrast, R. rhodochrous cells cultured with glucose as the carbon source lacked the ability to metabolize acetone at the onset of the assay but gained the ability to do so in a tim...

The bacterial metabolism of propylene proceeds by epoxidation to epoxypropane followed by a sequence of three reactions resulting in epoxide ring opening and carboxylation to form acetoacetate. Coenzyme M (2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid) (CoM) plays a central role in epoxide carboxylation by serving as the nucleophile for epoxide ring opening and the carrier of the C(3) unit that is ultimately c...

Plants with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) are increasing their abundance in drylands worldwide. The drivers and mechanisms underlying the increased dominance of CAM plants and CAM expression (i.e., nocturnal carboxylation) in facultative CAM plants, however, remain poorly understood. We investigated how nutrient and water availability affected competition between Mesembryanthemum crystalli...