The efficacy of using calcium carbonate as an osmolar control treatment for acid-base studies in horses receiving alkalizing compounds was evaluated. Six mares were nasogastrically intubated with isomolar quantities of sodium or calcium as sodium bicarbonate or calcium carbonate or with water during three treatment periods. Doses of the carbonic acid salts were 500 mg/kg sodium bicarbonate mixe...

Ongoing ocean acidification is widely reported to reduce the ability of calcifying marine organisms to produce their shells and skeletons. Whereas increased dissolution due to acidification is a largely inorganic process, strong organismal control over biomineralization influences calcification and hence complicates predicting the response of marine calcifyers. Here we show that calcification i...

In marine fish, high epithelial bicarbonate secretion by the intestine generates luminal carbonate precipitates of divalent cations that play a key role in water and ion homeostasis. In vitro studies highlight the involvement of the calciotropic hormones PTHrP (parathyroid hormone-related protein) and stanniocalcin (STC) in the regulation of epithelial bicarbonate transport. The present study t...

Correction of metabolic acidosis after conversion from sevelamer hydrochloride to lanthanum carbonate Sir, We recently introduced lanthanum carbonate as an alternative phosphate binder to sevelamer hydrochloride in patients with elevated serum calcium. Lanthanum carbonate has a higher affinity for phosphate than sevelamer HCl, so fewer lanthanum carbonate tablets are required to achieve the sam...

Bicarbonate enhances the transformation of phenol upon irradiation of hematite, and phenol nitration upon irradiation of both nitrate and nitrite. Hematite under irradiation is able to oxidise the carbonate ion to the CO3-. radical, which in turn oxidises phenol to the phenoxyl radical faster compared to the direct photo-oxidation of phenol by hematite. The formation of CO3-. from hematite and ...

We carried out a theoretical study to investigate the thermodynamics and the kinetics of the activation of the anticancer drug carboplatin in a carbonate buffer, a process which has been suggested to play an important role in the uptake, antitumor activity and toxicity of this drug. The initial stages of this process have been investigated by considering both the carbonate and the bicarbonate i...

In the mosquito midgut, luminal pH regulation and cellular ion transport processes are important for the digestion of food and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. pH regulation in the mosquito gut is affected by the vectorial movement of the principal ions including bicarbonate/carbonate and protons. As in all metazoans, mosquitoes employ the product of aerobic metabolism carbon dioxide in its...

Mosquito larvae use a digestive strategy that is relatively rare in nature. The anterior half of the larval mosquito midgut has a luminal pH that ranges between 10.5 and 11.5. Most other organisms, both large and small, initiate digestion in an acid medium. The relative uniqueness of the highly alkaline digestive strategy has been a long-standing research focus in larval lepidopterans. More rec...

Correction of metabolic acidosis after conversion from sevelamer hydrochloride to lanthanum carbonate Sir, We recently introduced lanthanum carbonate as an alternative phosphate binder to sevelamer hydrochloride in patients with elevated serum calcium. Lanthanum carbonate has a higher affinity for phosphate than sevelamer HCl, so fewer lanthanum carbonate tablets are required to achieve the sam...

We measured the emf of a sodium ion-selective electrode in NaCl-NaHCO3 solutions (160 mmol of Na+, 160-120 mmol of Cl-, and 0-40 mmol HCO3- per liter) with a home-built cell in steady-state after 10 min and with two commercial direct potentiometric analyzers about 20 s after the sample was introduced. Substitution of HCO3- for Cl- resulted in a small decrease in emf. We calculated the effect of...