The Diagnodent device is based on principles of caries detection by laser fluorescence which were developed in Sweden in the mid-1980s. Since that time, several lasers have been employed for caries detection (such as the argon, carbon dioxide, and excimer lasers). These systems are however more complex to use and more expensive than the visible red diode laser system upon which Diagnodent® is b...

Although elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) significantly affects the α-diversity, composition, function, interaction and dynamics of soil microbial communities at the local scale, little is known about eCO2 impacts on the geographic distribution of micro-organisms regionally or globally. Here, we examined the β-diversity of 110 soil microbial communities across six free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experimenta...

Scars following trauma [1] is a cause of concern for many a patient. Various modalities have been used for the treatment of scars over the years. Corticosteroids, dermabrasion, surgical revision, chemical peeling, silicone gel application, pressure therapy, and radiation have been used with varying results [2]. Ablative lasers such as the carbon dioxide (CO2), erbium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (E...

Currently available semiconductor lasers for spectroscopy in the near- and mid-infrared region based on direct band-to-band transitions as gallium-arsenide, indium-phosphide, antimonides and lead-salt containing compounds will be discussed together with the main features of different tunable diode-laser absorption spectrometers for trace gas analysis. Measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide ...

Tim LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation), was first introduced into medicine about a decade ago, and within this relatively short time, has added a new dimension to medical science. A variety of substances (solids and gases) can stimulate laser emissions. Lasers vary in wavelength and physical properties. These variations make them useful for a variety of clinical and...

Atrophoderma vermiculata is a rare genodermatosis with usual onset in childhood, characterized by a "honey-combed" reticular atrophy of the cheeks. The course is generally slow, with progressive worsening. We report successful treatment of 2 patients by means of the carbon dioxide and 585 nm pulsed dye lasers.

Er:YGG is a promising candidate for greenhouse-gas LIDAR due to fortuitous transitions around key absorption lines of carbon-dioxide and methane. We present growth of crystal films by pulsed-laser-deposition, their spectroscopy and initial characterization as amplifiers. OCIS codes: (310.0310) Thin films; (220.4610) Optical fabrication; (230.7390) Waveguides, planar; (130.0130) Laser materials;...

We present experimental and numerical evidence of synchronization of burst events in two different modulated CO2 lasers. Bursts appear randomly in each laser as trains of large amplitude spikes intercalated by a small amplitude chaotic regime. Experimental data and model show the frequency locking of bursts in a suitable interval of coupling strength. We explain the mechanism of this phenomenon...

We show the standard two-level continuous-time model of loss-modulated CO2 lasers to display the same regular network of self-similar stability islands known so far to be typically present only in discrete-time models based on mappings. Our results suggest that the two-parameter space of class B laser models and that of a certain class of discrete mappings could be isomorphic.