نتایج جستجو برای: canopy interactions

تعداد نتایج: 401721  

2004
D. Poggi A. Porporato L. Ridolfi J. D. Albertson G. G. Katul

[1] Two characteristics that distinguish canopy sublayer (CSL) turbulence from its atmospheric surface layer (ASL) counterpart are short-circuiting of the energy cascade and formation of Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) vortices near the canopy top. These two phenomena lead to nonlinear and poorly understood interactions between small and large scale eddies within the CSL absent from classical ASL turbule...

2007
Hideki Kobayashi Hironobu Iwabuchi

Detailed knowledge of light interactions between the atmosphere and vegetation, and within vegetation are of particular interest for terrestrial carbon cycle studies and optical remote sensing. This study describes a model for 3-D canopy radiative transfer that is directly coupled with an atmospheric radiative transfer model (Forest Light Environmental Simulator, FLiES). The model was developed...

2011
Megan K. Bartlett Scott V. Ollinger David Y. Hollinger Haley F. Wicklein Andrew D. Richardson

Strong positive correlations between the maximum rate of canopy photosynthesis, canopy-averaged foliar nitrogen concentration, and canopy albedo have been shown in previous studies. While leaf-level relationships between photosynthetic capacity and foliar nitrogen are well documented, it is not clear whether leaf-level relationships between solarweighted reflectance and nitrogen underlie the ca...

2009
S. J. Hawkins E. Harkin

The algal dominated communities immediately above and below the low-water spring level on a moderately exposed Manx shore were investigated by canopy removal experiments. Fucus serratus, Laminaria digitata and L. hyperborea were removed. Competition was shown to be important in determining the zonation of L. digitata and the distribution along the wave exposure gradient of other species such as...

Journal: :Tree physiology 2004
William L Bauerle Joseph D Bowden Michael F McLeod Joe E Toler

Daily and seasonal net photosynthesis (Anet), transpiration (E), absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (Qa) and light-use efficiency (epsilonc) in a red maple container nursery were simulated with MAESTRA, a three-dimensional canopy model. Effects of canopy heterogeneity were simulated by imposing changes in crown spacing. The light transfer sub-model, a distribution model of incident, d...

Journal: :Ecology letters 2005
Ian A Dickie Stefan A Schnitzer Peter B Reich Sarah E Hobbie

Little is known of the co-occurrence and implications of competitive and facilitative interactions within sites. Here we show spatially disjunct competition and facilitation at forest edges, with beneficial influences of trees on seedling growth via increased ectomycorrhizal infection apparent from 12 to 20 m while closer to trees seedling growth is negatively correlated with canopy closure. As...

Journal: :IEEE Trans. Geoscience and Remote Sensing 2001
Oleg Panferov Yuri Knyazikhin Ranga B. Myneni Jörg Szarzynski Stefan Engwald Karl G. Schnitzler Gode Gravenhorst

This paper presents empirical and theoretical analyses of spectral hemispherical reflectances and transmittances of individual leaves and the entire canopy sampled at two sites representative of equatorial rainforests and temperate coniferous forests. The empirical analysis indicates that some simple algebraic combinations of leaf and canopy spectral transmittances and reflectances eliminate th...

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