In most populations of Solidago altissima, a small proportion of plants have a growth pattern in which the stem bends early in the season so that the apex is pointing downward (i.e., a ‘‘candy-cane’’ stem) then straightens up again later in the season. The majority of plants, however, do not show this pattern. Instead their stems remain erect from emergence through flowering and senescence. It ...

Theoretical calculations have shown that acidic candies may be potentially erosive upon consumption. However, little is known about the protective effect of adding calcium to potentially erosive candies and about the protective effects of saliva that cannot be fully accounted for by theoretical calculations. Therefore, the aims of this study were to (1) determine the erosive potential of acidic...

Sugars and other sweeteners are often the main components of a confection. Besides making them sweet, they also provide bulk to the candy. However, the physico-chemical properties of the sweeteners do more than just provide bulk. The physical characteristics of a candy, which include consistency, chewy or stretchy characteristics, melt-in-the-mouth behavior, flavor release, and many other prope...

Sugars and other sweeteners are often the main components of a confection. Besides making them sweet, they also provide bulk to the candy. However, the physico-chemical properties of the sweeteners do more than just provide bulk. The physical characteristics of a candy, which include consistency, chewy or stretchy characteristics, melt-in-the-mouth behavior, flavor release, and many other prope...

background: sohan is a traditional iranian confectionery product prepared mainly by mixing and cooking of wheat flour, sugar, malt, oil, natural flavoring additives and coloring materials. regarding to high consumption and popularity of sohan as well as importance of its safety and hygienic status, we investigated microbial and chemical profiles of sohan in retailers throughout qom province of ...

We let G be an undirected graph and denote the vertex and edge sets of G by V (G) and E(G), respectively. The candy-passing game on G is defined by the following rules: • At the beginning of the game, c > 0 candies are distributed among |V (G)| students, each of whom is seated at some distinct vertex v ∈ V (G). • A whistle is sounded at a regular interval. • Each time the whistle is sounded, ev...