Lateral canals establish connection between the main root canal and periodontal ligament. The necrotic tissues and bacteria residing in the lateral canals are difficult to remove by mechanical and chemical cleaning and this influences filling the root canal efficiently and the outcome of the root canal therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the filling of artificially prepared lateral c...

A mandibular first molar requiring root canal therapy was found with five canals, three mesial canals, and two distal canals. Initially, four canals (mesiobuccal, mesiolingual, distobuccal, and distolingual) were identified. The mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals were found in their normal locations, and a fifth canal was noted between these two. This case demonstrates a rare anatomical config...

Presented here is a case where 8 canals were located in a mandibular first molar. A patient with continuing pain in mandibular left first molar even after completion of biomechanical preparation was referred by a dentist. Following basic laws of the pulp chamber floor anatomy, 8 canals were located in three steps with 4 canals in each root. In both of the roots, 4 separate canals commenced whic...

Ring canals connecting Drosophila germline, follicle and imaginal disc cells provide direct contact of cytoplasm between cells. To date, little is known about the formation, structure, or function of the somatic ring canals present in follicle and imaginal disc cells. Here, we show by confocal and electron microscopy that Pavarotti kinesin-like protein and Visgun are stable components of somati...

This case report describes an endodontically managed maxillary first molar with an unusual morphology of five canals. Maxillary first molar has one of the most complex root and canal anatomy. The greatest variations observed are the presence of two canals in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary molar, canals in the furcation area and the presence of lateral and accessory canals. The incidence of t...

The objective of this study was to classify the different routes of the bifid mandibular canals (BMCs) on 2400 panoramic radiographs in a Syrian population. BMCs were identified, drawn and classified according to the classification of Langlais et al. BMCs were found in 41 cases (0.98%). A total of 15 canals (36.6%) were classified as Class I, 6 canals (14.6%) as Class II, 8 canals as Class III ...

AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of additional canals in maxillary first molars in a selected population in Nigeria. METHODS AND MATERIALS One hundred extracted teeth were collected from the Pedodontic and Oral Surgery clinics of the University College Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. The teeth were identified and their root planed to remove adherent soft tissues. Each ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The craniopharyngeal canal is a rare, well-corticated defect through the midline of the sphenoid bone from the sellar floor to the anterosuperior nasopharyngeal roof. We reviewed a series of craniopharyngeal canals to determine a system of classification that might better our understanding of this entity, highlight the range of associated pathologic conditions, and optimi...

A mandibular second premolar with four canals is an interesting example of anatomic variations. This report describes a case of a mandibular second premolar with three roots and four canals (one mesiobuccal, two distobuccal and one lingual). The canals were prepared using K-files and irrigated with NaOCl (5.25%) and normal saline as the final irrigant. The canals were filled laterally with gutt...

to know the water quality characteristics of tehran subterranean canals, from 20 feb. 1978 to 23 sept. 1978, samples were taken from 23 of them by simple random sampling without replacement, and were analyzed according to the 14th edition of standards method for the examination of water and waste water 1975. arithmetic average concentration of water analyses of 23 subterranean canals were drawn...