D variously in terms of edges, ecotones, borders, and boundaries, the generalized concept of ecological boundaries has received considerable research attention over the past decade (e.g., Chen et al. 1992, Hansen et al. 1992, Gosz 1993, Risser 1995, Saunders et al. 1999). For the purposes of this article, we define boundary as a zone between contrasting habitat patches that delimits the spatial...

The homeotic genes of the bithorax and Antennapedia complexes (BX-C and ANT-C) encode a family of related transcription-regulatory proteins required for the determination of the segmental identities of cells throughout the body (Scott and Carroll, 1987; Akam, 1987; Ingham, 1988; Scott et al., 1989; Kaufman et al., 1990). Expression of each homeotic gene is activated at the blastoderm stage and ...

In 2004, Rodr'{i}guez-Lallena and '{U}beda-Flores have introduced a class of bivariate copulas which generalizes some known families such as the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern distributions. In 2006, Dolati and '{U}beda-Flores presented multivariate generalizations of this class. Then in 2011, Kim et al. generalized Rodr'{i}guez-Lallena and '{U}beda-Flores' study to any given copula family. But ther...

Introduction: Ring Ouzels (Turdus torqiuatus) are known to have been in decline across Wales since at least the 1970s (Gibbons et al 1993; Tyler and Green 1994, Lovegrove et al 1994). A national survey in 1999 aimed to set a baseline for future monitoring of breeding ring ouzels across the UK, and a decline of 39 – 43% was recorded in tetrads known to have been occupied during the 1988-91 breed...

Unlike written language, where word boundaries are often denoted by blank spaces (e.g., le_chat „the_cat‟), for spoken language, no single device allows for the reliable identification of word boundaries: words are typically uttered without a pause between them, and sound processes further blur word boundaries. A crucial challenge for second/foreign language (L2) learners is that the cues to wo...

One of the remarkable tectonic features of the Earth’s crust is the widespread presence of long, approximately straight and geomorphically prominent strike-slip faults which are a kinematic consequence of large-scale motion of plates on a sphere (Wilson 1965). Strike-slip faults form in continental and oceanic transform plate boundaries; in intraplate settings as a continental interior response...

Graz University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Petersgasse 12, A6 8010 Graz, Austria; Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Messeweg 11, D-38104 Braunschweig, 7 Germany, Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute, National Banana Research Program, 8 Uganda; Makerere University, Department of Agricultural Production, College of 9 Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Uganda and B...

Intermediate filaments (IFs) are a major protein component of the detergent-insoluble cytoskeleton. In vertebrates, a growing multigene family encodes these proteins, which have thus far been divided into six subclasses based on protein and DNA structural homologies (Lendahl et al., 1990; reviewed by Steinert and Roop, 1988). Cytoplasmic IFs (classes I-IV, VI) form a 10 nm filamentous network w...