THE BUDGET GAP: GENDER DISCRIMINATION IN THE U.S. FEDERAL BUDGET PROCESS, 1962-2011 Kevin Fahey April 19, 2012 The persistent private sector wage gap between men and women is one of the more intractable deficiencies of modem American society. It may be symptomatic of male privilege, a theory that outlines pervasive, ubiquitous discrimination that favors men from birth until death. However, egal...

Multiparty government in parliamentary democracies entails bargaining over the payoffs of government participation, in particular the allocation of cabinet positions. While most of the literature deals with the numerical distribution of cabinet seats among government parties, this article explores the distribution of individual portfolios. It argues that coalition negotiations are sequential ch...

With the onset of the current economic and financial crisis in Europe, questions about the power of core executives to control fiscal outcomes are more important than ever. Why are some governments more effective in controlling spending while others fall prey to excessive overspending by individual cabinet ministers? We approach this question by opening the “black box” of intra-cabinet decision...

We model two aspects of executives in parliamentary democracies: Decision-making authority is assigned to individuals, and private information is aggregated through communication. When information is relevant to all policies and communication is private, all decisions should be centralized to a single politician. A government that holds cabinet meetings, where information is made available to a...

Reverse Engineering is the traditional bread-and-butter of digital forensics research. Companies like Microsoft and Apple deliver computational artifacts (operating systems, applications and phones) to the commercial market. These artifacts are bought and used by billions. Some have evil intent, and (if society is lucky), the computers end up in the hands of law enforcement. Unfortunately the o...

Medicine selection and storage was examined in 130 families. Over 50 per cent were found to be less than adequate. Health education advice helped half the inadequate group to change to adequate. Age and social class were not related to hoarding of prescribed drugs, to initial standards of storage or selection, nor to the likelihood of a response to advice. Those who hoarded medicines but stored...

Cabinet and presidency represent the two most important and prevalent types of political executive. The structures and functions of political executives have varied widely over time and place, and no single conceptual framework can contain all these variations and their consequences. Although this section is titled “Cabinet and Presidency,” it is often difficult to categorize existing political...

We model policy implementation in a parliamentary democracy as a game of delegation between the prime minister and his cabinet ministers. We show that cabinet reshuffles can be a pursued as a strategy to reduce the agency-loss which occurs due to the different preferences of the actors. Furthermore, when certain conditions are meet cabinet reshuffles have a dual effect; they reduce agency-loss ...

The theoretical literature on common pool problems in fiscal policy suggests that government fragmentation increases public expenditures. In parliamentary regimes, the fragmentation hypothesis refers to (i) coalition governments and (ii) cabinet size. This paper explores the effect of coalition governments and cabinet size on public expenditures with panel data covering all 16 German States ove...