CA1 region of hippocampus has an important role in learning and memory. Previous reports have shown that androgens like testosterone and its metabolites are present in high concentration in CA1 region of hippocampus. Androgen receptors have also high density in this region. Therefore, it is suggested that neurohormones in CA1 have an important role in learning and memory. It is likely that...

Methamphetamine (Meth) is recognized as one of the most important new distributedabused drug that causes severe damage to the different parts of the brain, especiallyhippocampus. Previous studies have demonstrated that Meth can induce apoptosis and celldeath in the brain. In this study, we evaluated the long-term effects of Meth abuse in theCA1 region of postmortem hippo...

Methamphetamine (Meth) is recognized as one of the most important new distributedabused drug that causes severe damage to the different parts of the brain, especiallyhippocampus. Previous studies have demonstrated that Meth can induce apoptosis and celldeath in the brain. In this study, we evaluated the long-term effects of Meth abuse in theCA1 region of postmortem hippo...

Inhibitors of DNA-binding/differentiation (ID) proteins bind to basic helix‑loop‑helix (bHLH) transcription factors, including those that regulate differentiation and cell‑cycle progression during development, and regulate gene transcription. However, little is known about the role of ID proteins in the brain under transient cerebral ischemic conditions. In the present study, we examined the ef...

nitric oxide (no) is thought to be involved in spatial learning and memory in several brain areas such as hippocampus. this study examined the effects of post-training intrahippocampal microinjections of 1400w as a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) inhibitor on spatial memory, in both anesthetized and non-anesthetized situations in rats. in the present work, 4-day training trials...

Chrysanthemum indicum Linné extract (CIL) is used in herbal medicine in East Asia. In the present study, gerbils were orally pre‑treated with CIL, and changes of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 and SOD2, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the hippocampal CA1 region following 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia were investigated and the neuroprotective...

objective(s): in the present study, we investigated the effect of ischemic preconditioning (ipc) on c-myb immunoreactivity as well as neuronal damage/death after a subsequent lethal transient ischemia in gerbils. materials and methods: ipc was subjected to a 2 min sublethal ischemia and a lethal transient ischemia was given 5 min transient ischemia. the animals in all of the groups were given r...

This paper describes a modeling-control paradigm to control the hippocampal output (CA1 response) for the development of hippocampal prostheses. In order to bypass a damaged hippocampal region (e.g., CA3), downstream hippocampal signal (e.g., CA1 responses) needs to be reinstated based on the upstream hippocampal signal (e.g., dentate gyrus responses) via appropriate stimulations to the downstr...