Delta-toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens types B and C is a β-pore-forming cytotoxin. Here, using site-directed mutagenesis, we identified the amino acid residues that contribute to delta-toxin oligomerization binding. We replaced Lys-43 Ser-109 located in β-sandwich domain Arg-200 rim domain. Substitution of alanine for caused reductions both cytotoxicity oligomerization. However, excha...

background : clostridium perfringens type c strains cause severe necrotizing enteritis in sheep, calves, goats, pigs and humans. beta-toxin is introduced to be the essential virulence factor of this microorganism. in the present study, a new method was established for the purification of beta toxin from culture supernatant fluid of c. perfringens type c vaccinal strain. methods : the four steps...

objective: verotoxin is a member of shiga toxin family. this family contains ab protein toxins with an enzymatic (a) and a binding (b) compartment. cells that have receptor (gb3) are sensitive to cytotoxic effects of toxin. it has been shown that various tumor cells have gb3 receptor and are selectively sensitive to apoptotic effect of verotoxin. studies on tumor cell lines and laboratory anima...

botulinum toxin produced by clostridium butolinum in one of the most fatal toxins known. botulism is the name given to condition produced by this toxin. in recent years the diluted form of this toxin has been produced in injection form and used for treatment of hemifacial spasm and blepharospasm. this toxin blocks neuromuscular junction and inhibits acetylcholine release. in this article we rep...

introduction:poisoning is a common reasons for hospitalization in all over the world and exhausts a substantial share of health resources.khoramabad is a rather large city in iran but there has been no study about incidence of poisoned patients especially grave ones who are hospitalized in icus, thus we designed this study to epidemiologicall assess these patients in two major referral centers ...

Brown spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.: Fr.) Keissl is a serious problem forproduction of tangerines and tangerine hybrids in Iran. The Tangerine pathotype causes brownspot disease on young leaves and immature fruits of limited varieties of mandarins and tangerines(Citrus. reticulata Blanco). Specificity in the interaction between tangerine and the pathogen isdetermined by a hos...

Background: T-2 mycotoxin belongs to the Trichothecene family and has damaging effects on the immune system. Objective: To investigate the toxic effect of T-2 toxin on the percentage of peripheral blood B lymphocytes and the potential protective role of selenium and vitamin E. Method: Frequencies of B lymphocytes (CD19+ ) were analyzed after injection of sublethal doses of T-2 toxin into Balb/c...

background: this cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate the effect of &gamma-rays; and electron-beam irradiation with a commercial toxin binder-milbond-tx on the performance, feed components, and meat quality of japanese quails challenged with aflatoxin b1. methods: overall, 168 one-d-old chicks (japanese quails) were allocated to eight treatments with three replicates based on a compl...