Cell suspension cultures of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv VFNT-Cherry, produce phytochelatins (poly[gamma-glutamylcysteinyl]glycines) when exposed to cadmium. The synthesis of these peptides is accompanied by a decline in cellular levels of glutathione. Buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, inhibits the sustained production of phytochelatins. However, phytoch...

In this study the role of glutathione (GSH) in sulfur mustard -induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity, in human skin fibroblast cell line (HF2FF) was evaluated. Sulfur mustard-induced superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide formation were evaluated by determination of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in cell lysate. The cytotoxicity of sulfur mustard was estimated by lactate dehyd...

In this study the role of glutathione (GSH) in sulfur mustard -induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity, in human skin fibroblast cell line (HF2FF) was evaluated. Sulfur mustard-induced superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide formation were evaluated by determination of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in cell lysate. The cytotoxicity of sulfur mustard was estimated by lactate dehyd...

The project started in 1982 with a Feasibility Study funded by the Commission of the European Community (Hutchins, 1986, pp. 287 291). Since 1984, the government of the Netherlands and BSO each support 50 % of the project. Annual budget averaged around 1 million dollar for the last three years, and still 5 million has been reserved for 1988-1991. Commercialization is not expected to begin befor...

Oxidative stress modulates angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) expression and function. Ang II activates renal Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3) to increase sodium reabsorption, but the mechanisms are still elusive. In addition, the upregulation of AT(1)R during oxidative stress could promote sodium retention and lead to an increase in blood pressure. Herein, we investigated the mechanism...

23 Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) is a specific inhibitor of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, thus 24 blocking the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). It is known that this makes that BSO affects melanin 25 synthesis because of the role of thiols in melanogenesis. However, BSO may also react with the 26 intermediate oxidation products of melanogenesis, a possibility that has not been investigated from ...

This study aims to understand the relative roles of external forcing versus internal climate variability in causing the observed Barents Sea winter sea ice extent (SIE) decline since 1979. We identify major discrepancies in the spatial patterns of winter Northern Hemisphere sea ice concentration trends over the satellite period between observations and CMIP5 multi-model mean externally forced r...

A photorefractive BSO single crystal can be used for axially resolved acousto-optic imaging of thick scattering media in absence of a reference beam. This configuration renders the experimental setup easier to realize for imaging through thick scattering media with an improved optical etendue. We present here a model and simulations that explains these results. It is based on the spatial hetero...

The optical cross correlation of an image with another image that was spatial-frequency shifted in one dimension was demonstrated in a photorefractive VanderLugt correlator. The first image was stored as a Fourier-transform hologram in a photorefractive Bi12SiO20 crystal (BSO) and was successively correlated with different spatial-frequency-shifted versions of a second image. We implemented the...

Administration of cyclophosphamide at a dose which is lethal to 10% of control athymic nude mice resulted in sudden death within 3 h in all mice that had been pretreated with the glutathione synthesis inhibitor L-buthionine-SR-sulfoximine. In Fischer 344 rats pretreated with L-buthionine-SR-sulfoximine, the cyclophosphamide dose producing 100% acute toxicity was lowered from 500-150 mg/kg; card...