Furan is a liver carcinogen and toxicant. Furan is oxidized to the reactive dialdehyde, cis-2-butene-1,4-dial, by microsomal enzymes. This reactive metabolite readily reacts with glutathione nonenzymatically to form conjugates. A high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical method for the detection of cis-2-butene-1,4-dial-glutathione (GSH) conjugates in microsomal preparations was de...

Furan is a toxic and carcinogenic compound used in industry and commonly found in the environment. The mechanism of furan's carcinogenesis is not well-understood and may involve both genotoxic and nongenotoxic pathways. Furan undergoes oxidation by cytochrome P450 to cis-2-butene-1,4-dial, which is thought to mediate furan's toxic effects. Consistently, cis-2-butene-1,4-dial readily reacts with...

Single-crystal to single-crystal solid/gas reactivity and catalysis starting from the precursor sigma-alkane complex [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(h h-NBA)][BAr4] (NBA 1⁄4 norbornane; Ar 1⁄4 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3) is reported. By adding ethene, propene and 1-butene to this precursor in solid/gas reactions the resulting alkene complexes [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(alkene)x][BAr F 4] are formed. The ethene (x 1⁄4 2) comp...

Zeolite catalysts that could allow the efficient synthesis of n-butene, such as 1-butene, trans-2-butene, and cis-2-butene, in dimethyl ether (DME)-to-olefin (DTO) reaction were investigated using a fixed-bed flow reactor. The zeolites characterized by N2 adsorption desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD). A screening ten avail...

Single-crystal to single-crystal solid/gas reactivity and catalysis starting from the precursor sigma-alkane complex [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(h h-NBA)][BAr4] (NBA 1⁄4 norbornane; Ar 1⁄4 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3) is reported. By adding ethene, propene and 1-butene to this precursor in solid/gas reactions the resulting alkene complexes [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(alkene)x][BAr F 4] are formed. The ethene (x 1⁄4 2) comp...

A practical synthesis of 1-bromo-2-amino-3-butene derivatives from homoallylic trichloroacetimidates was reported. Simply heating the mixture of substrates and N-bromoacetamide in DMF at 90 °C would give the desired products in moderate to excellent yields. The reaction may proceed through a domino bromo-cyclization and elimination pathway. The synthesis of 4,5-dihydrooxazoles from 1-bromo-2-am...

The present study complements our previous studies of the reactions hydrogen atoms with C5 alkene species including 1- and 2-pentene branched isomers (2-methyl-1-butene, 2-methyl-2-butene, 3-methyl-1-butene), by studying C2–C4 alkenes (ethylene, propene, 2-butene, isobutene). aim current work is to develop a hierarchical set rate constants for Ḣ atom addition C2–C5 alkenes, both linear branched...

An interest in the on-purpose production of 1,3-butadiene (1,3-BD) has grown, as a consequence decline naphtha cracking for ethene and propene, products that can now be produced economically by thermal dehydrogenation ethane propane contained natural gas. In this study, mechanism kinetics n-butane to 1,3-BD are explored over atomically distributed Pt sites grafted onto dealuminated zeolite BEA ...

We report absolute grand total cross sections (TCSs) for electron scattering from 1-butene (H2C=CHCH2CH3) and 2-methylpropene (H2C=C(CH3)2) molecules, measured at electron impact energies ranging from 1 to 400 eV and from 1 to 350 eV, respectively, using a linear electron-transmission technique. The general shape of cross sections for both butene isomers looks similar. Two structures in each TC...

Methane was directly converted to butene liquid fuel by microwave-induced non-oxidative catalytic dehydrogenation under 0.1-0.2 MPa. The results show that, under microwave heating in a two-stage fixed-bed reactor, in which nickel powder and NiO x -MoOy/SiO2 are used as the catalyst, the methane-hydrogen mixture is used as the raw material, with no acetylene detected. The methane conversion is m...