one of the most important summary measures of population health, is disability adjusted life years (daly), introduced for the first time in the project of global burden of disease (gbd), that is the newest as well as the most accepted and familial summary measure of health and the burden of diseases has been measured by this measure at national and regional levels in many countries of the world...

background: although breast cancer imposes a considerable economic burden on high-income countries, there is limited knowledge about its economic burden in low- and middle-income countries (lmcs), including iran. in this study, we estimated the economic burden of breast cancer in iran in 2010. methods: we used the prevalence-based approach and estimated the direct and indirect costs of all brea...

background : there is a broad consensus among health policy-makers that smoking has a significant impact on both heath system and society. the purpose of this study was to estimate the economic burden of major cancer deaths caused by smoking in iran in 2012. methods : number of major cancer deaths due to smoking by sex and age groups in 2012 was obtained from globcan database. the life expectan...

this commentary to the editorial of hajizadeh argues that the economic, social and health consequences of legalizing cannabis in canada will depend in large part on the exact stipulations (mainly from the federal government) and on the implementation, regulation and practice of the legalization act (on provincial and municipal levels). a strict regulatory framework is necessary to minimize the ...

background: sick leave from work due to psychiatric disorders is a major public health problem, not only in japan but also worldwide. as males and females in japan tend to differ in their approach to work, a gender difference in perfectionism might be expected. we investigated the background factors leading to long-term absence from work due to sickness among psychiatric outpatients in japan . ...

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background: the general pattern of epidemiologic transition from communicable to non-communicable diseases is also observed for gastrointestinal and liver diseases (gild), which constitute a heterogeneous array of causes of death and disability. we aimed to describe the trend of gild in iran based on the global burden of disease (gbd2010) study from 1990 to 2010. methods: the trend of number of...

introduction: asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease. genetic and environmental factors have been important role in the induction of asthma. it's estimated that asthma affect 2.7 to 35.4% of child (in average 13.4%) in iran. the aims of this study to assess the costs of asthma patients admitted in boali hospital in sari in the north of iran. patients and methods: this descriptive ...

non-communicable disease (ncd) accounts for a large and increasing burden of disease worldwide. it is currently estimated that ncds accounts for approximately 59% of global deaths and 43% of the global disease burden; this is projected to increase to 73% of deaths and 60% of disease burden by 2020. 1 in comparison, ncds in low- and middle-income populations accounts for 78% of the global ncd bu...