The laminar smoke point properties of jet diffusion f lames-the luminous flame length, the residence time, and the fuel flow rate, at the onset of soot emission from the flames--have proven to be useful global measures of the soot properties of nonpremixed flames. These measures provide a means to rate several aspects of sooting properties: the relative tendency of various fuels to emit soot fr...

The behaviour of a turbulent, axisymmetric, Boussinesq, vertical fountain that impinges on a horizontal plate a distance H from the fountain source is investigated. Images from Light Induced Fluorescence visualisation of the flow provide a clear picture of the internal structure of the impinging flow. The interaction between the impinging fountain and the plate results in a buoyant radial wall ...