This paper examines declining state support for higher education and explores various funding models that colleges and universities in the United States employ, including incremental budgeting, formula budgeting, zero-based budgeting, program budgeting, performance-based budgeting, initiative-based budgeting, and responsibility-centered budgeting. The mechanics, advantages, and disadvantages of...

Participatory budgeting is a relatively new movement in public administration to involve citizens in civic decision-making. Electronic participatory budgeting can lower opportunity costs and engage more citizens in public budgeting. Drawing from research on participatory budgeting in particular and public administration, public policy, and information systems in general, this research establish...

Power costs are very significant for data centers. To maximally utilize the provisioned power capacity, data centers often employ over-subscription, that is, the sum of peak consumptions of individual servers may be greater than the provisioned capacity. Power budgeting methods are employed to ensure that actual consumption never exceeds capacity. However, current power budgeting methods enforc...

Budget allocation is a common task carried in our daily life. As it seems to be necessary to perform this task in an ideal manner this paper mainly deals with budget allocation problem. The main key feature of this work is that it uses a mathematical programming technique Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for formulating a proper model for capital budget allocation. This formulation is based on t...

by studying the evolution history of budgeting systems, you may discern three stages: in the first stage, controlling role of budget is regarded its major function. in the second stage, budget is considered as a means for management improvement. in the third stage, the role of budget is considered in economic planning, implementation of programs and government performance management. after worl...