abstract main objective of this paper is to evaluate supportive policies of beef producers during the first, second, third and fourth terms of economic, social, and cultural development plans (1989 - 2008).to evaluate the policies, the producers support estimate(pse) index and other indicators (pse %, npc & nac) were used. furthermore, percentages of pse were calculated in different scenarios o...

The purpose of this article is to present the role European Parliament in process adoption, management and control EU’s funds. following sections will discuss: EP powers decide on budget for 70s; then from 70s entry into force Lisbon Treaty, third point Parliament’s budgetary Treaty Lisbon. conclusions observations author be presented at end article. evolution EU – payments expenses associated ...

The budgetary capacity with the tax component as its key aspect is the basis for forming local budgets of a territorial community. The paper outlines the methods for diagnostics of the budgetary capacity of territorial communities by revenues aimed at providing a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative assessment of the status, strengths, and weaknesses of the economy of an administrative-te...

This paper presents a practical risk assessment methodology to provide drinking water infrastructure (DWI) decision-makers with an objective risk assessment tool. The purpose of this risk assessment tool is to maintain the desired level-of-service or systems reliability [r(f)], while managing the financial uncertainty of the expected budgetary impact within the capital improvement program (CIP)...

Introduction Informal patient payments for healthcare are common in the Western Balkans, negatively affecting public health and healthcare.   Aim To identify literature from the Western Balkans on what is known about informal patient payments and bought and brought goods, to examine their effects on healthcare and to determine what actions can be taken to tackle these payments.   Methods After ...

theoretically and empirically, it has been often argued that production uncertainty affects the farmers’ production efficiency. insurance can play an impactful role in reducing the uncertainty and, consequently, increasing the investment. using multilevel models, we examined the effect of agricultural insurance programs on investment in the agricultural sector of khorasan razavi province. the c...

We explore the quality of political representation of constituents’ preferences for budgetary decisions within a quasi-experimental setting. In the Swiss referendum process, constituents reveal their preferences for budgetary proposals which are either expected to increase or decrease public debts. We match individual politicians’ voting behavior on debt increasing and debt reducing legislative...

The subjec t of the research is analysis priority directions improvement financial provisioning activity extra-budgetary funds Russian Federation that make up system social insurance institutions. purpose study to develop active and passive opportunities improve activities institution insurance, allowing increase level, stability volume contributions extra budgetary by improving quality interna...

Summarized proposals As the African food emergency wanes, there is an urgent need to examine the future role for European Community (EC) food aid in Africa. The provision of emergency aid and support for development raise different issues. However, timely and appropriate responses to emergencies minimize the disruptive effects of food crisis whereas late and then probably excessive responses ha...