We show that standard expenditure multipliers capture economy-wide effects of new government projects only when financing constraints are not binding. In actual policy making, however, new projects usually need financing. Under liquidity constraints, new projects are subject to two opposite effects: an income effect and a set of spending substitution effects. The former is the traditional, unre...

A consumer with diminishing marginal utility in consumption, who can search for lower prices, will balance the gains from spreading consumption evenly through time against the bene ts of delaying consumption until lower prices are revealed. Optimal programs of consumption, savings and price are characterized for a general formulation of this problem. Intertemporal substitutability is measured b...

Exceptions are one of the most pervasive problems in process support systems In instal lations expected to handle a large number of processes having exceptions is bound to be a normal occurrence Any programming tool intended for large complex applications has to face this problem However current process support systems despite their orientation towards complex distributed and heterogeneous appl...

Exceptions are one of the most pervasive problems in process support systems. In installations expected to handle a large number of processes, having exceptions is bound to be a normal occurrence. Any programming tool intended for large, complex applications has to face this problem. However, current process support systems, despite their orientation towards complex, distributed, and heterogene...

Many scienti c applications are described through work ow structures. Due to the increasing level of parallelism o ered by modern computing infrastructures, work ow applications now have to be composed not only of sequential programs, but also of parallel ones. Cloud platforms bring on-demand resource provisioning and pay-as-you-go payment charging. Then the execution of a work ow corresponds t...

Many scienti c applications are described through work ow structures. Due to the increasing level of parallelism o ered by modern computing infrastructures, work ow applications now have to be composed not only of sequential programs, but also of parallel ones. Cloud platforms bring on-demand resource provisioning and pay-as-you-go payment charging. Then the execution of a work ow corresponds t...

Conventional lattice gas automata consist of particles moving discretely on a xed lattice. While such models have been quite successful for a variety of uid ow problems, there are other systems, e.g., ow in a exible membrane or chemical self-assembly, in which the geometry is dynamical and coupled to the particle ow. Systems of this type seem to call for lattice gas models with dynamical geomet...

Buying environmental services from private landholders using auction mechanisms often involves repeated multi-unit procurement-type auctions. These can either be target-constrained or budget-constrained. Most of the theoretical literature has focused on the former, whereas government agencies have, for conservation purposes, mainly implemented the latter. This paper examines the predictive powe...