OBJECTIVE To compare quantitative Bronchoscopic Bronchoalveolar Lavage (B-BAL) cultures with blind nasogastric tube bronchoalveolar lavage (N-BAL) cultures in the diagnosis of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP). STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional comparative study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY The study was conducted in Medical ICU and Chest ICU at Liaquat National Hospital (LNH), Karachi, from...

We monitored arterial oxygen saturation (StcO2) continuously using the OHMEDA Biox 3700 oximeter. We studied seven patients undergoing a 100 ml bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL-100), seven patients undergoing a 200 ml bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL-200), and seven patients during diagnostic fibreoptic bronchoscopy alone. Immediately following insertion of the bronchoscope a brief increase in StcO2 leve...

Glossary BAL – Bronchoalveolar Lavage BALF – Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid cfu – colony forming unit EIPH – Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage IAD – Inflammatory Airway Disease LRT – Lower Respiratory Tract LRTI – Lower Respiratory Tract Inflammation NIAD – Non-infectious Inflammatory Airway Disease PAM – Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophage RAO – Recurrent Airway Obstruction SAD – Small Airway Dise...

Antioxidants present within lung epithelial lining fluids (ELFs) constitute an initial line of defense against inhaled environmental oxidants such as ozone, nitrogen oxides, and tobacco smoke, but the antioxidant composition of human ELFs is still incompletely characterized. We analyzed ELF concentrations of the low-molecular-mass antioxidants ascorbate, urate, glutathione (GSH), and α-tocopher...

Background Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has a stable place in the diagnostics of various forms of the diffuse parenchymal lung disease. The analysis of cellular components of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) informs us about inflammatory and immune processes in the alveolar space. This can be very helpful in the diagnostics of many interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), but also in the diagn...

STANDARDIZATION OF BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE ASPIRATION TECHNIQUES TO OPTIMIZE DIAGNOSTIC YIELD OF CANINE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT SAMPLES Katharine Sarah Woods Advisor: University of Guelph, 2013 Dr. Alice Defarges Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a minimally invasive technique utilized in human and veterinary medicine to sample the lower generation bronchi and alveolar spaces. The basic technique ...

BACKGROUND Animals with chronic cough can have normal bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology when small airway disease is absent. Cytology of a tracheobronchial brushing can detect inflammation in larger airways; however, evaluation of this technique has been limited in veterinary medicine. OBJECTIVE To compare airway brush cytology to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis in dogs and cats wit...

Patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis frequently have increased numbers of lymphocytes and a high ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T-lymphocytes (CD4/CD8 ratio) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Some investigators have suggested that these parameters can be used to distinguish sarcoidosis from other types of interstitial lung disease with a high degree of reliability. However, we hypothesized that the ...