Concerns have been raised in the past about the Dairy Herd Improvement Association recording frequency, because the interval between samples, about 4 weeks, may not capture the peak production for cows with shorter lactation (less than 10 mo), which have led to the conclusion that these cows have an atypical lactation curve shape. This may be due to sampling frequency rather than biological dif...

Definition of plant breeding, Sources of genetic variability Significance of genetic variability. Selection methods (SM). Factors affecting (SM). Heterosis & examples Hybridization crossing methods –inbreeding/ outcrossing. Convergent breeding, Divergent breeding. Evaluation of inbred lines by: Single crosses; 3-way crosses, Performing top crosses, Diallel analysis. Combining ability. General &...

Different livestock sectors as beef industries get benefit from the production of male animals while dairy industries get benefit from the milk production by the female animals. Therefore, it is obvious need to produce the animals of desired sex which can be achieved by predetermining the sex of conceptus at the time of conception i.e. pre determination of sex may be of great economic importanc...

more than 12,000 alkaloids are known in plants, mostly used as medicine with a world market value of about 4 billion us$. opium poppy, papaver somniferum, is the most important economic source of morphinane alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, thebaine, narcotine and papaverine that are exploited by the pharmaceutical industry as analgesics, antitussives and anti-spasmodics. with regard to incr...

Page Introduction ._ 1 Wesson's test (optical method) 2 Modification of the technic of the W^esson test. 2 E quipment necessary to make the test 4 How to make an oil test by the optical method. 5 Preparing the material for analysis 6 Extracting the vegetable oil 6 Reading the refractive indices 7 Page How to prepare a standard conversion table.._ 7 Comparison of results of the ether-extraction ...