Cerebral small vessel disease is a common condition associated with lacunar stroke, cognitive impairment and significant functional morbidity. White matter hyperintensities and brain atrophy, seen on magnetic resonance imaging, are correlated with increasing disease severity. However, how the two are related remains an open question. To better define the relationship between white matter hyperi...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vitamin D deficiency is associated with cognitive impairment in the elderly and with increased white matter T2 hyperintensities in elderly debilitated patients. We investigated the relationship between serum vitamin D and brain MR findings in adult outpatients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Brain MR studies of 56 patients ages 30-69 years were selected when vitamin D level had ...

CONTEXT There have been many reports confirming the association between lower childhood socioeconomic circumstance and cardiovascular disease but evidence for links with cerebrovascular disease is contradictory. Hyperintensities on brain magnetic resonance imaging are associated with vascular risk factors, cognitive decline, dementia and death. However, the relationship between childhood socioe...

White matter hyperintensities and lacunes are among the most frequent abnormalities on brain magnetic resonance imaging. They are commonly related to cerebral small vessel disease and associated with both stroke and dementia. We examined the spatial relationships between incident lacunes and white matter hyperintensities and related these findings to information on vascular anatomy to study pos...

BACKGROUND Cerebrovascular changes and glucocorticoid mediated hippocampal atrophy are considered relevant for depression-related cognitive deficits, forming putative treatment targets. AIMS This study examined the relative contribution of cortisol levels, brain atrophy and white matter hyperintensities to the persistence of cognitive deficits in older adults with depression. METHOD Thirty-...

#### Notable in Neurology This Week This issue features an article that examines the effect of intensive arm motor rehabilitation for patients >90 days after a stroke; another investigates financial conflicts interest associated with payments from pharmaceutical and medical device companies US authors neurology journals. A featured Views & Reviews factors influence selection Tourette syndrome ...

PURPOSE To examine the brain damage of solvent abusers in Japan, where pure industrial toluene is frequently abused. METHODS Twenty solvent abusers 17 to 33 years of age with 7.2 +/- 4.0 years of abuse were examined with a 1.5-T MR imaging system. RESULTS White matter hyperintensities in cerebrum, brain stem, and cerebellum on T2-weighted images were found in seven cases. The extent of whit...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Familial cerebral cavernous malformations, an autosomal dominant disorder, result in excess morbidity and mortality in affected patients. The disorder is most prevalent in the Southwest United States, where the affected families are most often carriers of the CCM1-KRIT1 Common Hispanic Mutation. The brain and spinal cord parenchyma in these individuals is usually affected...

BACKGROUND Larger gray matter (GM) volume in healthy children is correlated with higher IQ. Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) have larger brains, their magnetic resonance images frequently show T2-weighted hyperintensities, and their IQs are lower. OBJECTIVES To confirm the hypotheses that (1) children with NF1 have larger GM and white matter volumes, (2) the greatest volume differ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Enlarged perivascular spaces in the brain are common but generally overlooked and of uncertain pathophysiology. They may reflect underlying cerebral small vessel disease. We determined whether enlarged perivascular spaces were associated with lacunar stroke subtype and white matter hyperintensities, markers of established small vessel disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS We p...