The mushroom bodies, substructures of the Drosophila brain, are involved in olfactory learning and short-term memory, but their role in long-term memory is unknown. Here we show that the alpha-lobes-absent (ala) mutant lacks either the two vertical lobes of the mushroom body or two of the three median lobes which contain branches of vertical lobe neurons. This unique phenotype allows analysis o...

The human brain is an amazing structure. At birth, it is equipped with more than 100 billion nerve cells designed to collect information and learn the skills necessary to keep its owner alive. Although comparatively slow in its growth and development compared to the brains of other mammals, it can learn complex skills, master any of over 6,000 languages, store memories for a lifetime, and marve...

Changes in tissue composition and cellular architecture have been associated with neurological disease, and these in turn can affect biomechanical properties. Natural biological factors such as aging and an individual's sex also affect underlying tissue biomechanics in different brain regions. Understanding the normal changes is necessary before determining the efficacy of stiffness imaging for...

Introduction:Amphetamines are central nervous system (CNS) stimulant substances and amphetamine abuse is considered a growing problem in our country. Previous studies revealed destructive effects of amphetamines on metabolism, perfusion and structure of brain. The aim of current study was evaluating regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) disturbances in methamphetamine (MA) abuser...

The purpose of this research is to examine and assess the relation between a pilot’s concentration reaction time with specific brain activity during short-haul flights. Participants took part in one-hour long flight sessions performed on FNPT II class simulator. Subjects were instructed respond unexpected events that occurred flight. brainwaves each participant recorded Emotiv EPOC+ Scientific ...

introduction:amphetamines are central nervous system (cns) stimulant substances and amphetamine abuse is considered a growing problem in our country. previous studies revealed destructive effects of amphetamines on metabolism, perfusion and structure of brain. the aim of current study was evaluating regional cerebral blood flow (rcbf) disturbances in methamphetamine (ma) abusers using brain per...

This special issue of the Schizophrenia Bulletin focuses on three brain areas hypothesized to play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia--the frontal lobes, the basal ganglia, and the temporal lobes. Contributors to the issue review evidence from brain-imaging, post-mortem, and psychopharmacological studies that support the involvement of each of these important brain areas in schizophrenia. ...