this study was designed to develop a modified tbi weight drop model for induction of focal mild cerebral injury. a stereotaxic coupled weight drop device was designed. principle arm of device carries up to 500g weights which their force was conveyed to animal skull through a thin nail like metal tip. to determine the optimal configuration of the device to induce mild tbi, six different trials w...

Abstract Purpose of Review Early enteral nutrition improves outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This can prove difficult due to TBI-induced feeding intolerance secondary disruption the brain-gut axis, a network composed central nervous system (CNS) input, autonomic signaling, and immunologic regulation that controls gut CNS homeostasis. Here, we discuss pathophysiology brain–gut ax...

traumatic brain injury (tbi) is caused by rapid deformation of the brain, resulting in a cascade of pathological events and ultimately neurodegeneration. in vitro models of tbi can help us to describe the pathobiological mechanisms. in vitro models of brain injury support a platform for performing repeatable, well-controlled, environmentally isolated experiments. other advantages of in vitro mo...

objective(s): brain edema is one of the most serious causes of death within the first few days after trauma brain injury (tbi). in this study we have investigated the role of shilajit on brain edema, blood-brain barrier (bbb) permeability, intracranial pressure (icp) and neurologic outcomes following brain trauma.   materials and methods: diffuse traumatic brain trauma was induced in rats by dr...

Objective(s): While traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a predisposing factor for development of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), the occurrence of seizures following brain trauma can infuriate adverse consequences of brain injury. However, the effect of seizures in epileptogenesis after mild TBI cannot yet be accurately confirmed. This study was designed to investigate the ...

Objective: One of the most frequent causes of death and acquired disability in the pediatric population is the Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). TBI is secondary to falls, road traffic and vehicle collisions, child abuse and assaults. Penetrating brain injury is a severe form of traumatic brain injury. Blunt head injury is more frequent than TBI in children, but the second one carries a poor progno...

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a multistep interaction of antigens, cytokine-mediated humeral, and cellular immune reactions. Because the limitations clinical radiological evaluation in TBI, there has been considerable advancement toward need for developing biomarkers that can predict severity TBI. Blood-based hold potential to absence intracranial thus decrease unnecessary computed t...

Objective(s):Estrogen (E2) has neuroprotective effects on blood-brain-barrier (BBB) after traumatic brain injury (TBI). In order to investigate the roles of estrogen receptors (ERs) in these effects, ER-α antagonist (MPP) and, ER-β antagonist (PHTPP), or non-selective estrogen receptors antagonist (ICI 182780) were administered. Materials and Methods: Ovariectomized rats were divided into 10 gr...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health concern that typically causes emotional disturbances and cognitive dysfunction. It elicits a complex secondary injury response, with neuroinflammation as a crucial central component. Secondary pathologies following TBI may be associated with chronic neurodegenerative disorders and an enhanced likelihood of developing dementia-like disease in later...

conceptually traumatic brain injury (tbi) can be classified from a mechanistic perspective as: 1) closed, 2) penetrating, 3) blast, and 4) crush injuries. thus, tbi is a heterogeneous disease and each type of brain injury has different characteristic features often necessitating different approaches to management. the first edition of the guidelines for management and prognosis of penetrating b...