background: non motor symptoms (nms) of idiopathic parkinson’s disease (pd) are a major cause of disability and recognition of these symptoms and treatment is important for comprehensive health care. deep   brain   stimulation   of   bilateral   subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (stn dbs) has been shown to improve motor symptoms in pd and effects on nms are unknown. to investigate the ...

background : subthalamic nucleus (stn) stimulation is the  reatment of choice for carefully chosen patients with idiopathic parkinson's disease (pd) and refractory motor fluctuations. we evaluated the value of intraoperative electrophysiology during stn deep brain stimulation (dbs) procedures in refining the anatomically-defined target. methods : we determined the spatial distance between the a...

abstract alzheimer’s disease (ad) is the most common cause of dementia in elderly people. the prevalence of alzheimer diseases is increasing in the world due to population aging. metabolic disease such as diabetes and obesity play important role in alzheimer disease. hyperglycemia can play important role in brain damage. it causes cognitive impairments, functional and structural alterations in ...

alzheimer’s disease (ad) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects regions of the brain that control cognition, memory, language, speech and awareness to one’s physical surroundings. the pathological initiation and progression of ad is highly complex and its prevalence is on the rise. in his study, alzheimer's disease was induced with single injection of amyloid-β (aβ) pepti...

parkinson's disease (pd) is a very common neurodegenerative disease among the elderly population. current treatments for parkinson’s disease are based on symptom therapy but not the underlying cause of the disease. this disorder is caused neuronal death which triggers the activation of resident glial cells. this situation leads to neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. activated ...

after alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease is the most common nerve-damaging disease. parkinson's is a progressive and chronic disease where cells secrete dopamine-cut black flesh and in the absence of dopamine in the brain destroyed the irregular body movements. man eats the food that causes the formation of the neurotransmitters. tthree neurotransmitters: dopamine, serotoni...

background: there are conficting reports regarding the association between coronary artery disease (cad) and mild cognitive  impairment (mci). volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (mri) investigations have been considered as an objective biomarker for  mci. in this study, we determined the relationship between the regional brain volumes and the extent of cad in mci patients and  cognitively no...

introduction: breast cancer is the second most common cause of brain metastasis. although patient prognosis is poor, isolated brain metastasis occasionally can be an option for treatment with curative intent in breast cancer patients. case presentation: we report a patient with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast who developed an isolated right frontal lobe metastasis within 5 months of fin...

iranian traditional medicine (itm) describes a kind of dementia with similar signs and symptoms of alzheimer’s disease (ad). it explains the pathology of dementia with cold intemperament of the brain, which means that the brain is colder than its healthy form. itm strategy for treatment of dementia is to heat the brain up by medical “hot” herbs. nepeta menthoides (nm) is one of these “hot” herb...