Information flows through visual areas in opposite directions during "bottom-up" intake of current stimuli and "top-down" processes such as attention or memory. In this issue of Neuron, Bastos et al. (2015) report that rhythms of different frequencies coordinate bottom-up and top-down information streams.

Lateral intake is a structure constructed next to a main channel to divert part of the flow within the channel. The separated area of the flow in the entrance of intake channel has no effect on flow discharge while reduces the effective cross-sectional area of the intake, as well as the bed load, which enters the intake due to low velocity flow deposits in this area. Thus, knowing the dimension...

BACKGROUND The nutritional content of donated expressed breast milk (DEBM) is variable. Using DEBM to provide for the energy requirements of neonates is challenging. OBJECTIVE The authors hypothesized that a system of DEBM energy content categorization and distribution would improve energy intake from DEBM. METHODS We compared infants' actual cumulative energy intake with projected energy i...

Abstract The most important design index of water intakes is critical submergence depth the intake. at which air core formed by vortex about to enter emergence a and entry into intake increase head loss decrease discharge coefficient. reservoir geometric asymmetry, presence unevenness in bottom angle approach flow are among factors that influence formation depth. In this research, physical mode...

background dietary factors such as intake of minerals may play a role in the etiology of esophageal cancer. although it has been hypothesized that manganese can affect the risk of some types ofcancer, its role in esophageal cancer is unknown. the objective of this study was to investigate the association between intakes of manganese with esophageal cancer in golestan cohort study. materials and...

OBJECTIVE We investigated the relation between total fluid intake and incident urinary incontinence in the Nurses' Health Study cohorts. STUDY DESIGN We measured daily fluid intake using food frequency questionnaires among 65,167 women, who were 37-79 years old, without urinary incontinence at study baseline (2000-2001). Women reported incontinence incidence on questionnaires during 4 years o...

Food Security and Wheat Prices in Afghanistan: A Distribution-Sensitive Analysis of Household-Level Impacts We investigate the impact of increases in wheat flour prices on household food security using unique nationally-representative data collected in Afghanistan from 2007 to 2008. We use a new estimator, the Unconditional Quantile Regression (UQR) estimator, based on influence functions to ex...

Little information exists on diet and prostate cancer progression. We examined the association between intakes of total red meat, processed and unprocessed red meat, poultry, fish, and eggs and prostate cancer recurrence. We conducted a prospective study of 971 men treated with radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer between 2003 and 2010. Men completed a food frequency questionnaire at diagn...