Why do some international courts and judges extensively borrow from other international courts while others do not? Answers to this question have important implications for debates on transjudicial communication, the diffusion of international legal norms, and international judicial behavior. Judges may use external sources because they help improve decisions or because it fits their ideologica...

the present research provides quantitative and descriptive data of the information service capabilities available at thehran university libraries. these include access to information resources, availability of various indexes, printed catalogs, computer terminals, access modes, working hours, membership requirements, borrowing pattens. the findings presented in form of tables, were analyzed bas...

In the modern era, cellular communication consumers are exponentially increasing as they find the system more user-friendly. Due to enormous users and their numerous demands, it has become a mandate to make the best use of the limited radio resources that assures the highest standard of Quality of Service (QoS). To reach the guaranteed level of QoS for the maximum number of users, maximum utili...

ran's economy still has a two-digit inflation rate with high fluctuations, which is mainly caused by fiscal dominance. According to the relevant literature, the most important fiscal dominance mechanism is borrowing from the central bank. After prohibiting direct borrowing from the Central Bank by Iran's government, the budget deficits are partially addressed by off-budgeting operations, achiev...

borrowing in different accents – similar to languages – is done because of the trade between that accent and other languages and accents and shows the dynamism of the accent. on the other hand it proves the relationship between different cultures in spite of their historical or geographical distance. by a deep research in syrian accent the borrowing from persian, turkish, french, italian and en...

Abstract The mere appearance of a foreign word does not necessarily mark the birth loanword, which requires documented usage by speech community. Relatively little research has been dedicated so far to “prenatal” stage that would investigate tentative infiltration foreign-derived words. Nyet , borrowing from Russian, is taken as case in point. Although its first recorded instance Oxford English...

Pakistan is a prolonged user of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) resources under medium-term support arrangements that began in 1982 to address recurring external economic problems and ensure stability through reforms. Initially, ruling regimes each these times had reservations about certain IMF conditions, but they were ultimately compelled into having an arrangement by harsh domestic rea...