BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are common and treatable risk factors for re-hospitalisation and death in patients with COPD. The degree of lung function impairment does not sufficiently explain anxiety and depression. The BODE index allows a functional classification of COPD beyond FEV1. The aim of this cross-sectional study was (1) to test whether the BODE index is superior to the GOLD clas...

Little is known about survival and clinical prognostic factors in females with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of the present study was to determine the survival difference between males and females with COPD and to compare the value of the different prognostic factors for the disease. In total, 265 females and 272 males with COPD matched at baseline by BODE (body mass ind...

The BODE (body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea and exercise capacity) index is used to decide on referral and transplantation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The BODE index has not been validated in patients with α1-antitrypsin deficiency, who account for 15% of COPD patients undergoing lung transplantation. We sought to validate the BODE index in α1-ant...

Guidelines recommend defining chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by airflow obstruction and other factors, but no studies have evaluated the ability of existing multicomponent indices to predict mortality up to 10 years. We conducted a patient-based pooled analysis. Survival analysis and C statistics were used to determine the best COPD index/indices according to several construct var...

Bode integrals of sensitivity and sensitivity-like functions along with complementary sensitivity and complementary sensitivity-like functions are conventionally used for describing performance limitations of a feedback control system. In this paper, we show that in the case when the disturbance is a wide sense stationary process the (complementary) sensitivity Bode integral and the (complement...

Peak oxygen uptake (V'(O(2))) remains the gold standard measurement of exercise capacity and has been associated with survival. A modified BODE (body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea, exercise capacity) index replacing the 6-min walk distance (6MWD) with V'(O(2)) as % predicted (mBODE%) has been developed and found to have excellent correlation with the conventional BODE index. The obj...

BACKGROUND The BODE index was recently validated as a multidimensional tool for the evaluation of patients with COPD. The influence of gender on the BODE index has not been studied. HYPOTHESIS The contribution of each component of the disease to the BODE index may differ according to gender. METHODS We evaluated age, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), Modified Medical Research C...