The horizontally polarizing surface parts of shiny black cars (the reflection-polarization characteristics of which are similar to those of water surfaces) attract water-leaving polarotactic insects. Thus, shiny black cars are typical sources of polarized light pollution endangering water-leaving insects. A new fashion fad is to make car-bodies matt black or grey. Since rough (matt) surfaces de...

black meristematic fungi are cosmopolitan and able to adapt to extreme fluctuations of ultraviolet radiation, temperature, and moisture and grow in exposed habitats such as stone surfaces. in a survey on fungi associated with fruit rots, leaf spots, canker, gummosis, dieback and trunk diseases of grapevine and walnut trees in kurdistan province (iran), some black meristematic fungal isolates re...

In this paper we consider space-times containing matter expanding or contracting according to a time-dependent scale factor. Cosmologies with vanishing, positive or negative cosmological constant are considered. In the case of vanishing or negative cosmological constant open and closed spatial surfaces are solutions while in the case of positive cosmological constant only closed surfaces exist....

Tohoku University, Japan is developing a new hand-held land mine detection dual-sensor (ALIS) which is equipped with a metal detector and a GPR. ALIS is equipped with a sensor tracking system, which can record the GPR and Metal detector signal with its location. The Migration processing drastically increases the quality of the imaging of the buried objects.Evaluation test of ALIS has been condu...

Quantum mechanics for matter fields moving in an evaporating black hole spacetime is formulated in fully four-dimensional form according to the principles of generalized quantum theory. The resulting quantum theory cannot be expressed in a 3+1 form in terms of a state evolving unitarily or by reduction through a foliating family of spacelike surfaces. That is because evaporating black hole geom...

Interactions in thin liquid foam films and between solid/liquid surfaces coated with the non-ionic surfactant hexaoxyethylene dodecylether (C12E6) were investigated with a TFPB (thin film pressure balance) and the MASIF (Measurement and Analysis of Surface Interaction Forces) technique, respectively. For foam films the formation of common black films (CBF) and Newton black films (NBF) was obser...

Surfaces of low reflectance are ubiquitous in animate systems. They form essential components of the visual appearance of most living species and can explicitly influence other biological functions such as thermoregulation. The blackness associated with all opaque surfaces of low reflectivity has until now been attributed to strongly absorbing pigmentation alone. Our present study challenges th...

Black silicon is a synthetic nanomaterial that contains high aspect ratio nanoprotrusions on its surface, produced through a simple reactive-ion etching technique for use in photovoltaic applications. Surfaces with high aspect-ratio nanofeatures are also common in the natural world, for example, the wings of the dragonfly Diplacodes bipunctata. Here we show that the nanoprotrusions on the surfa...