Summer eczema, allergic dermatitis of the horse, was studied on 275 affected horses in Finland in 1997-2007. Features of the horses, clinical signs of the disease and owners' opinions of aggravating factors were recorded. Differences, especially, between two of the native Scandinavian horse breeds, the Finnhorse and the Icelandic horse, were evaluated. The study was based on clinical examinatio...

b a ckground: a survey on tick species composition was carried out in golestan province iran during year 2010–2011.the aim was to determine tick species parasitizing domestic ruminants and their seasonal population dynamics. methods: a total of 124 sheep, 92 goats, 84 cattle, 74 camels and 12 horses in several villages were inspected for tick infestation. the collected ticks preserved in 70% al...

Archaeologists often argue whether Paleolithic works of art, cave paintings in particular, constitute reflections of the natural environment of humans at the time. They also debate the extent to which these paintings actually contain creative artistic expression, reflect the phenotypic variation of the surrounding environment, or focus on rare phenotypes. The famous paintings "The Dappled Horse...

Certain behavioural, ecological, morphological, and physiological differences between grizzly/brown bears and black bears a re related to the different habitats favored by each species. It is suggested that care of black bear cubs and hence reproductive success for black bears is tied to the forest biome, and that the grizzly/brown bear in branching out from the forest onto non-treed a reas suc...

In Florida, horses have numerous arthropod pests. Most of these pests are considered external parasites as their attack on the horse is principally external, as opposed to internal parasites such as “worms” or nematodes and bots. The common external parasites include filth flies such as non-biting house flies and biting stable flies and occasionally horn flies, the numerous other blood-feeding ...

This study investigated the effect of stimulus height on the ability of horses to learn a simple visual discrimination task. Eight horses were trained to perform a two-choice, black/white discrimination with stimuli presented at one of two heights: ground level or at a height of 70 cm from the ground. The height at which the stimuli were presented was alternated from one session to the next. Al...

The presence of Hippobosca equina strongly influences the behaviour and health status of horses. The aim of the study was to analyse the invasion dynamics of the forest fly in Polish primitive horses (Equus caballus gmelini) in the Popielno Forest Reserve (northeastern Poland). Observations were carried out from May to September, every two weeks for two consecutive years (2012 and 2013) in five...

Japanese black bears often break branches when climbing trees and feeding on fruit in canopies, thereby creating small canopy gaps. However, the role of black bear-created canopy gaps has not been evaluated in the context of multiple forest dynamics. Our hypothesis was that small canopy gaps created by black bears improve light conditions, which facilitates fruiting of adult fleshy-fruited plan...