The development of the antibody response to peptides of the transmembrane glycoprotein of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) was followed over a period of 50 weeks in six cattle experimentally infected with the BIV(FL112) isolate. Antibody was detected by an enzyme immunoassay using either a linear or a cyclized peptide with structural features common to an immunodominant region of other lenti...

The early pathogenic effects of bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) were studied in calves experimentally inoculated with BIV. All animals inoculated with BIV R29-infected cells seroconverted by 6 weeks postinoculation, and BIV was recoverable from each animal at 2 weeks postinoculation. However, levels of BIV replication in vivo appeared to be low. In situ hybridization studies indicated ...

We sought to evaluate the impact of biventricular (BiV) pacing with ventricular fusion by intrinsic atrioventricular nodal (AVN) conduction (BiV + intrinsic pacing) on clinical outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).A total of 44 patients were randomized to receive either BiV or BiV + intrinsic pacing for one month. Echocardiograp...

BIV is a well-known bovine immunosup-pressive cause, but its pathogenesis has not been well characterized. It seems that it is possible that cofactors such as co- infection with other bovine viral pathogens may play a role in enhancing the pathogenesis of BIV infection; BVDV also has immunosuppressive effects. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was determination of possible correlation between BI...

BACKGROUND Biventricular (BIV) pacing can improve cardiac function in heart failure by altering the mechanical and electric substrates. We investigated the effect of BIV versus right ventricular (RV) pacing on the normal heart. METHODS AND RESULTS Male New Zealand White rabbits (n=33) were divided into 3 groups: sham-operated (control), RV pacing, and BIV pacing groups. Four weeks after surge...

The bovine lentivirus, known as bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV), is genetically, structurally, and antigenically related to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). It is not known whether sera from persons exposed to BIV proteins would show either positive or indeterminate reactivity on HIV-1 antibody tests. We used a BIV Western blot (immunoblot) analysis to examine human sera ch...

Bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) is a bovine lentivirus that has antigenic and genetic homology with the human immunodeficiency virus. Little work has been reported on the effect of BIV infection on bovine immune function. This study was designed to evaluate lymphocyte blastogenesis, mononuclear cell subset numbers, neutrophil function, hematology, and clinical signs in three groups of ...

BACKGROUND In patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and conduction delay, biventricular (BiV) and left ventricular (LV) pacing similarly improve systolic function at resting heart rates. We hypothesized that BiV and univentricular pacing differentially affect contractile function at increasing heart rates. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-two patients (aged 66+/-2 years, QRS 179+/-8 ms, LV ejec...

AIMS Pacing from multiple sites in the left ventricle (LV) may bring about further resynchronization of the diseased heart compared with biventricular (BiV) pacing. We compared acute haemodynamic response (LV dP/dtmax) of multisite and BiV pacing using a quadripolar LV lead. METHODS AND RESULTS In 21 patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy, a quadripolar LV lead and conventional ...

The interaction of the trans-activation responsive (TAR) region of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) RNA with the Tat peptide is known to play important role in viral replication. Despite being thoroughly studied through a structural point of view, the nature of binding between BIV TAR RNA and the BIV Tat peptide requires information related to its thermodynamics and the nature of hydration a...